Extrahepatic and intrahepatic veins of the portal system in the ground squirrel (Citellus citellus)

Abstract

From studies of the extrahepatic veins and intrahepatic veins of the portal system in the ground squirrel, using anatomical methods and rentgenography the following can be concluded: The portal vein is formed by the confluence of three venous blood vessels which are present the extrahepatic part of the portal system in the ground squirrel: V. gastropancreaticoduodenalis, V. gastrolienalis and V. mesenterica cranialis. V. portae runs towards the portal fissure and divides, upon entering the liver, into a small right branch which is dispersed in the right lobes and a large left branch which ramifies in the remainder of the liver. V. gastropancreaticoduodenalis receives blood from the greater omentum of the stomach (V. gastroepiploica dextra), the cranial part of the duodenum and the right segment of the pancreas (V. pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis). Truncus gastrolienalis drains the parietal and visceral wall of the stomach (V. gastrica sinistra), the spleen and left portion of the greater omentum (V. lienalis). V. mesenterica cranialis collects blood from the middle part of the duodenum and adjacent part of the pancreas (V. pancreaticoduodenalis media), from the caudal part of the duodenum and the caudal segment of the pancreas (V. pancreaticoduodenalis caudalis), from the jejunum (Vv. jejunales) and from the ileum, cecum and colon (Truncus ileocecocolicus). The extrahepatic veins of the portal system in the ground squirrel are joined through a number of anastomoses. V. portae enters the portal fissure and divides into V. advehens lobi dextri lateralis et processus caudatus, V. advehens lobi dextri medialis, V. advehens processus papillaris, V. advehens lobi quadrati et lobi sinistri medialis and Vv. advehentes lobi sinistri lateralis which branch into a large number of smaller vessels in corresponding lobes of the liver. These veins form the intrahepatic part of the portal system in the ground squirrel.

Na osnovu proučavanja ekstrahepatičnih i intrahepatičnih vena portalnog krvotoka jetre u tekunice, koristeći anatomske metode i rentgenolografiju mogu se izvesti sledeći zaključci: Vena portae nastaje iz sliva tri venska krvna suda koja čine extrahepatični deo portalnog krvotoka u tekunice: V. gastropancreaticoduodenalis, V. gastrolienalis i V. mesenterica cranialis. V. portae se pruža prema portalnom žlebu i po ulasku u jetru deli se na manju, desnu granu koja se razgranava u desne režnjeve jetre i veću, levu granu koja se razgranava u ostale režnjeve jetre. V. gastropancreaticododenalis odvodi krv iz omentum majus-a (V. gastroepiploica dextra), početnog dela duodenuma i desnog režnja pankreasa (V. pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis) Truncus gastrolienalis odvodi krv iz parijetalnog i visceralnog zida želudca (V. gastrica sinistra) i slezine i levog dela omentum majus-a (V. lienalis). V. mesenterica cranialis odvodi krv iz srednjeg i završnog dela duodenuma i odgovarajućeg dela pankreasa (V. pancreaticoduodenalis media), iz kaudalnog dela duodenuma i kaudalnoig dela pankreasa (V. pancreaticoduodenalis caudalis) iz jejunuma (Vv. jejunales) i iz ileuma, cekuma i kolona (Truncus ileocecocolicus). Ekstrahepatične vene portalnog krvotoka jetre tekunice stoje u vezi preko mnogobrojnih anastomoza. V. portae ulazi u portalni žleb i iz nje izbijaju vene (V. advehens lobi dextri lateralis et processus caudatus, V. advehens lobi dextri medialis, V. advehens processus papillaris, V. advehens lobi quadrati et lobi sinistri medialis and Vv. advehentes lobi sisnistri lateralis) koje se razgranavaju u odgovarajućim režnjevima jetre tekunice i čine intrahepatični deo portalnog krvotoka tekunice.