TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kremer, Jacques R.
AU  - Brown, Kevin E.
AU  - Jin, Li
AU  - Santibanez, Sabine
AU  - Shulga, Sergey V.
AU  - Aboudy, Yair
AU  - Demchyshyna, Irina V.
AU  - Đemileva, Sultana
AU  - Echevarria, Juan E.
AU  - Featherstone, David F.
AU  - Hukić, Mirsada
AU  - Johansen, Kari
AU  - Litwinska, Bogumila
AU  - Lopareva, Elena
AU  - Lupulescu, Emilia
AU  - Mentis, Andreas F.
AU  - Mihneva, Zefira
AU  - Mosquera, Maria M.
AU  - Muscat, Mark
AU  - Naumova, M.A.
AU  - Nedeljković, Jasminka
AU  - Nekrasova, Ljubov S.
AU  - Magurano, Fabio
AU  - Fortuna, Claudia
AU  - De Andrade, Helena Rebelo
AU  - Richard, Jean-Luc
AU  - Robo, Alma
AU  - Rota, Paul A.
AU  - Samoilovich, Elena O.
AU  - Sarv, Inna
AU  - Semeiko, Galina V.
AU  - Shugayev, Nazim
AU  - Utegenova, Elmira S.
AU  - van Binnendijk, Rob
AU  - Vinner, Lasse
AU  - Waku-Kouomou, Diane
AU  - Wild, Fabian T.
AU  - Brown, David W.G.
AU  - Mankertz, Annette
AU  - Muller, Claude P.
AU  - MuldersJJ, Mick N.
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/249
AB  - During 2005-2006, nine measles virus (MV) genotypes were identified throughout the World Health Organization European Region. All major epidemics were associated with genotypes D4, D6, and B3. Other genotypes (B2, D5, D8, D9, G2, and H1) were only found in limited numbers of cases after importation from other continents. The genetic diversity of endemic D6 strains was low; genotypes C2 and D7, circulating in Europe until recent years, were no longer identified. The transmission chains of several indigenous MV strains may thus have been interrupted by enhanced vaccination. However, multiple importations from Africa and Asia and virus introduction into highly mobile and unvaccinated communities caused a massive spread of D4 and B3 strains throughout much of the region. Thus, despite the reduction of endemic MV circulation, importation of MV from other continents caused prolonged circulation and large outbreaks after their introduction into unvaccinated and highly mobile communities.
PB  - Centers  Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta
T2  - Emerging Infectious Diseases
T1  - High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European region, 2005-2006
EP  - 114
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.3201/eid1401.070778
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kremer, Jacques R. and Brown, Kevin E. and Jin, Li and Santibanez, Sabine and Shulga, Sergey V. and Aboudy, Yair and Demchyshyna, Irina V. and Đemileva, Sultana and Echevarria, Juan E. and Featherstone, David F. and Hukić, Mirsada and Johansen, Kari and Litwinska, Bogumila and Lopareva, Elena and Lupulescu, Emilia and Mentis, Andreas F. and Mihneva, Zefira and Mosquera, Maria M. and Muscat, Mark and Naumova, M.A. and Nedeljković, Jasminka and Nekrasova, Ljubov S. and Magurano, Fabio and Fortuna, Claudia and De Andrade, Helena Rebelo and Richard, Jean-Luc and Robo, Alma and Rota, Paul A. and Samoilovich, Elena O. and Sarv, Inna and Semeiko, Galina V. and Shugayev, Nazim and Utegenova, Elmira S. and van Binnendijk, Rob and Vinner, Lasse and Waku-Kouomou, Diane and Wild, Fabian T. and Brown, David W.G. and Mankertz, Annette and Muller, Claude P. and MuldersJJ, Mick N.",
year = "2008",
abstract = "During 2005-2006, nine measles virus (MV) genotypes were identified throughout the World Health Organization European Region. All major epidemics were associated with genotypes D4, D6, and B3. Other genotypes (B2, D5, D8, D9, G2, and H1) were only found in limited numbers of cases after importation from other continents. The genetic diversity of endemic D6 strains was low; genotypes C2 and D7, circulating in Europe until recent years, were no longer identified. The transmission chains of several indigenous MV strains may thus have been interrupted by enhanced vaccination. However, multiple importations from Africa and Asia and virus introduction into highly mobile and unvaccinated communities caused a massive spread of D4 and B3 strains throughout much of the region. Thus, despite the reduction of endemic MV circulation, importation of MV from other continents caused prolonged circulation and large outbreaks after their introduction into unvaccinated and highly mobile communities.",
publisher = "Centers  Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta",
journal = "Emerging Infectious Diseases",
title = "High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European region, 2005-2006",
pages = "114-107",
number = "1",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3201/eid1401.070778"
}

Kremer, J. R., Brown, K. E., Jin, L., Santibanez, S., Shulga, S. V., Aboudy, Y., Demchyshyna, I. V., Đemileva, S., Echevarria, J. E., Featherstone, D. F., Hukić, M., Johansen, K., Litwinska, B., Lopareva, E., Lupulescu, E., Mentis, A. F., Mihneva, Z., Mosquera, M. M., Muscat, M., Naumova, M.A., Nedeljković, J., Nekrasova, L. S., Magurano, F., Fortuna, C., De Andrade, H. R., Richard, J., Robo, A., Rota, P. A., Samoilovich, E. O., Sarv, I., Semeiko, G. V., Shugayev, N., Utegenova, E. S., van Binnendijk, R., Vinner, L., Waku-Kouomou, D., Wild, F. T., Brown, D. W.G., Mankertz, A., Muller, C. P.,& MuldersJJ, M. N.. (2008). High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European region, 2005-2006. in Emerging Infectious Diseases
Centers  Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta., 14(1), 107-114.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1401.070778

Kremer JR, Brown KE, Jin L, Santibanez S, Shulga SV, Aboudy Y, Demchyshyna IV, Đemileva S, Echevarria JE, Featherstone DF, Hukić M, Johansen K, Litwinska B, Lopareva E, Lupulescu E, Mentis AF, Mihneva Z, Mosquera MM, Muscat M, Naumova M, Nedeljković J, Nekrasova LS, Magurano F, Fortuna C, De Andrade HR, Richard J, Robo A, Rota PA, Samoilovich EO, Sarv I, Semeiko GV, Shugayev N, Utegenova ES, van Binnendijk R, Vinner L, Waku-Kouomou D, Wild FT, Brown DW, Mankertz A, Muller CP, MuldersJJ MN. High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European region, 2005-2006. in Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(1):107-114.
doi:10.3201/eid1401.070778 .

Kremer, Jacques R., Brown, Kevin E., Jin, Li, Santibanez, Sabine, Shulga, Sergey V., Aboudy, Yair, Demchyshyna, Irina V., Đemileva, Sultana, Echevarria, Juan E., Featherstone, David F., Hukić, Mirsada, Johansen, Kari, Litwinska, Bogumila, Lopareva, Elena, Lupulescu, Emilia, Mentis, Andreas F., Mihneva, Zefira, Mosquera, Maria M., Muscat, Mark, Naumova, M.A., Nedeljković, Jasminka, Nekrasova, Ljubov S., Magurano, Fabio, Fortuna, Claudia, De Andrade, Helena Rebelo, Richard, Jean-Luc, Robo, Alma, Rota, Paul A., Samoilovich, Elena O., Sarv, Inna, Semeiko, Galina V., Shugayev, Nazim, Utegenova, Elmira S., van Binnendijk, Rob, Vinner, Lasse, Waku-Kouomou, Diane, Wild, Fabian T., Brown, David W.G., Mankertz, Annette, Muller, Claude P., MuldersJJ, Mick N., "High genetic diversity of measles virus, World Health Organization European region, 2005-2006" in Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14, no. 1 (2008):107-114,
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1401.070778 . .