TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Todorović, Vera
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Đikić, Dragoslava
AU  - Miljković, Biljana
AU  - Janković, I.
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/310
AB  - Bearing in mind the role of somatostatin in thymus functions, and changes of somatostatin level and expression of its receptors during postnatal life, the aim of this study was to investigate whether centrally applied SRIH-14 induces different changes in the thymic compartments and thymocyte profile in peripubertal and young adult rats. To this end, 4- and 10-week-old male AO rats were cannulated and treated intracerebroventriculary with three doses of SRIH-14, applied every other day. In peripubertal rats, SRIH-14 decreases thymic relative weight and volume, as well as the volume of thymic compartments, especially of deep cortex, as a result of thymocytes loss by apoptosis. Also, SRIH-14 increases the percentage of immature thymocytes preceding the DPTCRαβlow cells (DNTCRαβ-/low, DPTCRαβ-, SPCD8TCRαβ-/low and SPCD4TCRαβ-/low), decreases the percentages of DPTCRαβlow and DPTCRαβhi cells, while the relative proportion of CD4+/CD8+TCRαβhi cells remained unaltered. In young adult rats, SRIH-14 does not lead to changes in relative thymus weight, although decreases the thymic cortex cellularity and volume. In addition, decreases the percentage of DPTCRαβ-/hi cells and increases the percentages of cells within DNTCRαβhi and both SP subpopulations, but much more of the CD8+TCRαβhi subset. These results suggest that the effects of SRIH-14 on the thymus and thymocytes subpopulations are age-dependent.
AB  - Sa obzirom da literaturni podaci ukazuju da somatostatin ima uticaja na funkciju timusa, kao i da se tokom postnatalnog života menja nivo somatostatina i ekspresija njegovih receptora u timusu, cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita da li SRIH- 14 davan intracerebroventrikularno u prepubertalnih i mladih odraslih pacova, dovodi do različitih promena u zonama timusa i profilu timocitnih subsetova. Mužjacima pacova AO soja, starim 4 i 10 nedelja, ugrađene su kanile u treću moždanu komoru i oni su tretirani somatostatinom, ukupno tri doze, ubrizgane svakog drugog dana. U prepubertalnih pacova tretman somatostatinom dovodi do smanjenja relativne mase i zapremine timusa, kao i zapremine timusnih zona, naročito dubokog korteksa, što je bila posledica gubitka timocita apoptozom. Takođe, SRIH-14 je doveo do povećanja procenta timocita nezrelog fenotipa (DNTCRαβ-/low, DPTCRαβ-, SPCD8TCRαβ-/low i SPCD4TCRαβ-/low) prekusora DPTCRαβlow subpopulacije, smanjenja procenta DPTCRαβlow i DPTCRαβhi subsetova, dok je relativni odnos najzrelijih CD4TCRαβhi i CD8TCRαβhi timocita ostao neizmenjen. U mladih adulta primena somatostatina, iako dovodi do smanjena zapremine i celularosti korteksa ne dovodi do promena u relativnoj masi timusa. Procenat DPTCRαβ-/hi timocita je bio smanjen, dok je procentualno učešće DNTCRαβhi timocita i obe jednostruko pozitivne subpopulacije (CD4TCRαβhi i CD8TCRαβhi, više CD8TCRαβhi) u ukupnom broju timocita bilo povećano. Navedeni rezultati ukazuju da SRIH-14 različito utiče na morfologiju timusa i na subpopulacije timocita pacova u zavisnosti od uzrasta tretiranih životinja.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd
T2  - Acta veterinaria - Beograd
T1  - Somatostatin-14 induces different changes in the thymus of peripubertal and young adult rats
T1  - Somatostatin-14 izaziva različite promene u timusima prepubertalnih i mladih odraslih pacova
EP  - 354
IS  - 4
SP  - 339
VL  - 60
DO  - 10.2298/AVB1004339R
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rakin, Ana and Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Todorović, Vera and Živković, Irena and Đikić, Dragoslava and Miljković, Biljana and Janković, I. and Mićić, Mileva",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Bearing in mind the role of somatostatin in thymus functions, and changes of somatostatin level and expression of its receptors during postnatal life, the aim of this study was to investigate whether centrally applied SRIH-14 induces different changes in the thymic compartments and thymocyte profile in peripubertal and young adult rats. To this end, 4- and 10-week-old male AO rats were cannulated and treated intracerebroventriculary with three doses of SRIH-14, applied every other day. In peripubertal rats, SRIH-14 decreases thymic relative weight and volume, as well as the volume of thymic compartments, especially of deep cortex, as a result of thymocytes loss by apoptosis. Also, SRIH-14 increases the percentage of immature thymocytes preceding the DPTCRαβlow cells (DNTCRαβ-/low, DPTCRαβ-, SPCD8TCRαβ-/low and SPCD4TCRαβ-/low), decreases the percentages of DPTCRαβlow and DPTCRαβhi cells, while the relative proportion of CD4+/CD8+TCRαβhi cells remained unaltered. In young adult rats, SRIH-14 does not lead to changes in relative thymus weight, although decreases the thymic cortex cellularity and volume. In addition, decreases the percentage of DPTCRαβ-/hi cells and increases the percentages of cells within DNTCRαβhi and both SP subpopulations, but much more of the CD8+TCRαβhi subset. These results suggest that the effects of SRIH-14 on the thymus and thymocytes subpopulations are age-dependent., Sa obzirom da literaturni podaci ukazuju da somatostatin ima uticaja na funkciju timusa, kao i da se tokom postnatalnog života menja nivo somatostatina i ekspresija njegovih receptora u timusu, cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita da li SRIH- 14 davan intracerebroventrikularno u prepubertalnih i mladih odraslih pacova, dovodi do različitih promena u zonama timusa i profilu timocitnih subsetova. Mužjacima pacova AO soja, starim 4 i 10 nedelja, ugrađene su kanile u treću moždanu komoru i oni su tretirani somatostatinom, ukupno tri doze, ubrizgane svakog drugog dana. U prepubertalnih pacova tretman somatostatinom dovodi do smanjenja relativne mase i zapremine timusa, kao i zapremine timusnih zona, naročito dubokog korteksa, što je bila posledica gubitka timocita apoptozom. Takođe, SRIH-14 je doveo do povećanja procenta timocita nezrelog fenotipa (DNTCRαβ-/low, DPTCRαβ-, SPCD8TCRαβ-/low i SPCD4TCRαβ-/low) prekusora DPTCRαβlow subpopulacije, smanjenja procenta DPTCRαβlow i DPTCRαβhi subsetova, dok je relativni odnos najzrelijih CD4TCRαβhi i CD8TCRαβhi timocita ostao neizmenjen. U mladih adulta primena somatostatina, iako dovodi do smanjena zapremine i celularosti korteksa ne dovodi do promena u relativnoj masi timusa. Procenat DPTCRαβ-/hi timocita je bio smanjen, dok je procentualno učešće DNTCRαβhi timocita i obe jednostruko pozitivne subpopulacije (CD4TCRαβhi i CD8TCRαβhi, više CD8TCRαβhi) u ukupnom broju timocita bilo povećano. Navedeni rezultati ukazuju da SRIH-14 različito utiče na morfologiju timusa i na subpopulacije timocita pacova u zavisnosti od uzrasta tretiranih životinja.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd",
journal = "Acta veterinaria - Beograd",
title = "Somatostatin-14 induces different changes in the thymus of peripubertal and young adult rats, Somatostatin-14 izaziva različite promene u timusima prepubertalnih i mladih odraslih pacova",
pages = "354-339",
number = "4",
volume = "60",
doi = "10.2298/AVB1004339R"
}

Rakin, A., Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Todorović, V., Živković, I., Đikić, D., Miljković, B., Janković, I.,& Mićić, M.. (2010). Somatostatin-14 induces different changes in the thymus of peripubertal and young adult rats. in Acta veterinaria - Beograd
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd., 60(4), 339-354.
https://doi.org/10.2298/AVB1004339R

Rakin A, Petrović-Đergović DM, Todorović V, Živković I, Đikić D, Miljković B, Janković I, Mićić M. Somatostatin-14 induces different changes in the thymus of peripubertal and young adult rats. in Acta veterinaria - Beograd. 2010;60(4):339-354.
doi:10.2298/AVB1004339R .

Rakin, Ana, Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Todorović, Vera, Živković, Irena, Đikić, Dragoslava, Miljković, Biljana, Janković, I., Mićić, Mileva, "Somatostatin-14 induces different changes in the thymus of peripubertal and young adult rats" in Acta veterinaria - Beograd, 60, no. 4 (2010):339-354,
https://doi.org/10.2298/AVB1004339R . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Ristovski, Jasmina S.
AU  - Kuštrimović, Nataša
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/241
AB  - The role of somatostatin on inhibition of both normal and tumor cell cycle, secretion of endocrine and exocrine cells, as well as induction apoptosis is well documented. However, its effect on T cell development and thymic structure is not fully clarified. In order to investigate the influence of somatostatin in vivo on the thymus structure and T cell development, the young adult Albino Oxford male rats were intracerebroventriculary treated with somatostatin-14. We examined the thymus compartments and its cellularity, through assessment of morphometric parameters by stereological method, and the relation between thymocytes subpopulations, over expression of CD4, CD8 and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta by flow cytometry. Additionally, we also determined the body and thymus weight of the rats, during the first three months of life, to define the time of SRIH-14 application. A decrease of relative thymus weight from the fourth weeks of postnatal life, and an unchanged relative thymus weight obtained in treated group indicates that SRIH-14 in young adult rats inhibits growth of whole organism, not only thymus. The changes in the absolute number and numerical density of cortical thymocytes indicate that SRIH-14 alters the true lymphoid tissue. SRIH-14 changes relation between thymocyte subsets, increase number of CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR alpha beta(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+)TCR alpha beta(hi) phi thymocyte subsets as well as the CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR alpha beta(low/hi) thymocytes, while decrease number of CD4+CD8+ TCR alpha beta(low/hi) thymocyte subsets. These results indicate that somatostatin-14 is Dot involved in the control of the physiologic involution of the thymus, although induces thymic weight loss through the reduction of true lymphoid tissue. In addition, changes in frequency of thymocyte subpopulations, especially immature cells, indicate that SRIH-14 modulates thymocytes development and maturation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
T2  - Neuropeptides
T1  - Changes in thymus size, cellularity and relation between thymocyte subpopulations in young adult rats induced by Somatostatin-14
EP  - 493
IS  - 6
SP  - 485
VL  - 41
DO  - 10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Rakin, Ana and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Ristovski, Jasmina S. and Kuštrimović, Nataša and Mićić, Mileva",
year = "2007",
abstract = "The role of somatostatin on inhibition of both normal and tumor cell cycle, secretion of endocrine and exocrine cells, as well as induction apoptosis is well documented. However, its effect on T cell development and thymic structure is not fully clarified. In order to investigate the influence of somatostatin in vivo on the thymus structure and T cell development, the young adult Albino Oxford male rats were intracerebroventriculary treated with somatostatin-14. We examined the thymus compartments and its cellularity, through assessment of morphometric parameters by stereological method, and the relation between thymocytes subpopulations, over expression of CD4, CD8 and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta by flow cytometry. Additionally, we also determined the body and thymus weight of the rats, during the first three months of life, to define the time of SRIH-14 application. A decrease of relative thymus weight from the fourth weeks of postnatal life, and an unchanged relative thymus weight obtained in treated group indicates that SRIH-14 in young adult rats inhibits growth of whole organism, not only thymus. The changes in the absolute number and numerical density of cortical thymocytes indicate that SRIH-14 alters the true lymphoid tissue. SRIH-14 changes relation between thymocyte subsets, increase number of CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR alpha beta(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+)TCR alpha beta(hi) phi thymocyte subsets as well as the CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR alpha beta(low/hi) thymocytes, while decrease number of CD4+CD8+ TCR alpha beta(low/hi) thymocyte subsets. These results indicate that somatostatin-14 is Dot involved in the control of the physiologic involution of the thymus, although induces thymic weight loss through the reduction of true lymphoid tissue. In addition, changes in frequency of thymocyte subpopulations, especially immature cells, indicate that SRIH-14 modulates thymocytes development and maturation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh",
journal = "Neuropeptides",
title = "Changes in thymus size, cellularity and relation between thymocyte subpopulations in young adult rats induced by Somatostatin-14",
pages = "493-485",
number = "6",
volume = "41",
doi = "10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.003"
}

Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Rakin, A., Dimitrijević, L., Ristovski, J. S., Kuštrimović, N.,& Mićić, M.. (2007). Changes in thymus size, cellularity and relation between thymocyte subpopulations in young adult rats induced by Somatostatin-14. in Neuropeptides
Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh., 41(6), 485-493.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.003

Petrović-Đergović DM, Rakin A, Dimitrijević L, Ristovski JS, Kuštrimović N, Mićić M. Changes in thymus size, cellularity and relation between thymocyte subpopulations in young adult rats induced by Somatostatin-14. in Neuropeptides. 2007;41(6):485-493.
doi:10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.003 .

Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Rakin, Ana, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Ristovski, Jasmina S., Kuštrimović, Nataša, Mićić, Mileva, "Changes in thymus size, cellularity and relation between thymocyte subpopulations in young adult rats induced by Somatostatin-14" in Neuropeptides, 41, no. 6 (2007):485-493,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.003 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Kuštrimović, Nataša
AU  - Ristovski, Jasmina S.
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/233
AB  - It is well known that somatostatin modulates thymic functions, such as binding to receptors. In order to elucidate the influence of somatostatin on the thymus architecture and the T cells maturation, young adult male rats were treated with somatostatin-28. The results showed that somatostatin-28 decreased thymus weight and cellularity, probably due to alterations in the thymic morphometric parameters. Our results also demonstrated that SRIH treatment reduces number of cells with undetectable alpha beta TCR and cells with low expression of alpha beta TCR, while the number of TCR alpha beta(hi) cells remains approximately the same as the values obtained from the control rats. Besides, in the least mature thymocytes (DNTCR TCR alpha beta(-)) and among the most mature the SPCD4 TCR alpha beta(hi) subset remained unaltered, while SPCD8 TCR alpha beta(hi) decreased. At last, it should be noted that SRIH treatment increases DN thymocytes subsets expressing TCR alpha beta(low/hi) (TCR alpha beta(+)). These results suggest that somatostatin-28 induces reshaping of T cells maturation and, at least partly, contributes to thymic weight loss, through the modulation of the complex neuroendocrine-immune network. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Regulatory Peptides
T1  - Somatostatin modulates T cells development in adult rat thymus
EP  - 110
IS  - 3
SP  - 101
VL  - 142
DO  - 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.02.003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Rakin, Ana and Kuštrimović, Nataša and Ristovski, Jasmina S. and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Mićić, Mileva",
year = "2007",
abstract = "It is well known that somatostatin modulates thymic functions, such as binding to receptors. In order to elucidate the influence of somatostatin on the thymus architecture and the T cells maturation, young adult male rats were treated with somatostatin-28. The results showed that somatostatin-28 decreased thymus weight and cellularity, probably due to alterations in the thymic morphometric parameters. Our results also demonstrated that SRIH treatment reduces number of cells with undetectable alpha beta TCR and cells with low expression of alpha beta TCR, while the number of TCR alpha beta(hi) cells remains approximately the same as the values obtained from the control rats. Besides, in the least mature thymocytes (DNTCR TCR alpha beta(-)) and among the most mature the SPCD4 TCR alpha beta(hi) subset remained unaltered, while SPCD8 TCR alpha beta(hi) decreased. At last, it should be noted that SRIH treatment increases DN thymocytes subsets expressing TCR alpha beta(low/hi) (TCR alpha beta(+)). These results suggest that somatostatin-28 induces reshaping of T cells maturation and, at least partly, contributes to thymic weight loss, through the modulation of the complex neuroendocrine-immune network. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Regulatory Peptides",
title = "Somatostatin modulates T cells development in adult rat thymus",
pages = "110-101",
number = "3",
volume = "142",
doi = "10.1016/j.regpep.2007.02.003"
}

Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Rakin, A., Kuštrimović, N., Ristovski, J. S., Dimitrijević, L.,& Mićić, M.. (2007). Somatostatin modulates T cells development in adult rat thymus. in Regulatory Peptides
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 142(3), 101-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.02.003

Petrović-Đergović DM, Rakin A, Kuštrimović N, Ristovski JS, Dimitrijević L, Mićić M. Somatostatin modulates T cells development in adult rat thymus. in Regulatory Peptides. 2007;142(3):101-110.
doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2007.02.003 .

Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Rakin, Ana, Kuštrimović, Nataša, Ristovski, Jasmina S., Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Mićić, Mileva, "Somatostatin modulates T cells development in adult rat thymus" in Regulatory Peptides, 142, no. 3 (2007):101-110,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2007.02.003 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Kosec, Duško
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
PY  - 2005
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/194
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic stress, induced by repeated daily swimming during 21 days, alters the morphofunctional parameters in the thymus of adult rats. Our results showed that chronic stress reduced thymus mass, total number of thymocytes, volume of the thymus compartments and numerical density of thymocytes within thymus inner cortex and medulla. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of corticosterone were significantly increased. The percentages of CD4-CD8-TCR alpha beta(low/high) and CD4-CD8+TCR alpha beta(-) thymocytes were significantly increased, while the percentage of the least mature CD4+CD8-SP TCR alpha beta(-) thymocytes was significantly decreased. These results show that recurred swimming procedure induces thymus hypotrophy and elevated percentage of DN TCR alpha beta(+) cells. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Neuroimmunology
T1  - Exposure to forced swim stress alters morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus
EP  - 86
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 77
VL  - 160
DO  - 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.002
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Rakin, Ana and Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Kosec, Duško and Mićić, Mileva",
year = "2005",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic stress, induced by repeated daily swimming during 21 days, alters the morphofunctional parameters in the thymus of adult rats. Our results showed that chronic stress reduced thymus mass, total number of thymocytes, volume of the thymus compartments and numerical density of thymocytes within thymus inner cortex and medulla. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of corticosterone were significantly increased. The percentages of CD4-CD8-TCR alpha beta(low/high) and CD4-CD8+TCR alpha beta(-) thymocytes were significantly increased, while the percentage of the least mature CD4+CD8-SP TCR alpha beta(-) thymocytes was significantly decreased. These results show that recurred swimming procedure induces thymus hypotrophy and elevated percentage of DN TCR alpha beta(+) cells. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Neuroimmunology",
title = "Exposure to forced swim stress alters morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus",
pages = "86-77",
number = "1-2",
volume = "160",
doi = "10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.002"
}

Živković, I., Rakin, A., Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Kosec, D.,& Mićić, M.. (2005). Exposure to forced swim stress alters morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus. in Journal of Neuroimmunology
Elsevier, Amsterdam., 160(1-2), 77-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.002

Živković I, Rakin A, Petrović-Đergović DM, Kosec D, Mićić M. Exposure to forced swim stress alters morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus. in Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2005;160(1-2):77-86.
doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.002 .

Živković, Irena, Rakin, Ana, Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Kosec, Duško, Mićić, Mileva, "Exposure to forced swim stress alters morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus" in Journal of Neuroimmunology, 160, no. 1-2 (2005):77-86,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.11.002 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Miljković, B.
AU  - Micić, M.
PY  - 2005
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/195
AB  - Various stressors induce changes in the immune system. However, it has not yet been analyzed how stressors affect thymus innervation. To examine whether chronic stress alters the morphology of the thymus by changing the nerve components of the thymus, adult mate rats, 9-weeks old, were exposed to forced swimming during 21 successive days. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after the last session and their thymuses were used for analysis of (i) the thymus compartments, (ii) distribution patterns of monoamine-containing nerve profiles and (iii) distribution patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing nerve profiles. Our results show that chronic stress in rats reduces the volume of both thymus cortex and medulla, numbers of thymocytes in the deep cortex and medulla and the density of fluorescent nerve profiles, whereas it increases density of fluorescent cells. The distribution patterns of nerve profiles containing monoamine and AChE were not affected. These changes indicate that chronic stress affects thymus development and T cell maturation by altering the sympathetic nerve component. (c) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Gmbh, Munich
T2  - Acta Histochemica
T1  - The effects of chronic stress on thymus innervation in the adult rat
EP  - 458
IS  - 6
SP  - 449
VL  - 106
DO  - 10.1016/j.acthis.2004.11.002
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Rakin, Ana and Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Miljković, B. and Micić, M.",
year = "2005",
abstract = "Various stressors induce changes in the immune system. However, it has not yet been analyzed how stressors affect thymus innervation. To examine whether chronic stress alters the morphology of the thymus by changing the nerve components of the thymus, adult mate rats, 9-weeks old, were exposed to forced swimming during 21 successive days. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after the last session and their thymuses were used for analysis of (i) the thymus compartments, (ii) distribution patterns of monoamine-containing nerve profiles and (iii) distribution patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing nerve profiles. Our results show that chronic stress in rats reduces the volume of both thymus cortex and medulla, numbers of thymocytes in the deep cortex and medulla and the density of fluorescent nerve profiles, whereas it increases density of fluorescent cells. The distribution patterns of nerve profiles containing monoamine and AChE were not affected. These changes indicate that chronic stress affects thymus development and T cell maturation by altering the sympathetic nerve component. (c) 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Gmbh, Munich",
journal = "Acta Histochemica",
title = "The effects of chronic stress on thymus innervation in the adult rat",
pages = "458-449",
number = "6",
volume = "106",
doi = "10.1016/j.acthis.2004.11.002"
}

Živković, I., Rakin, A., Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Miljković, B.,& Micić, M.. (2005). The effects of chronic stress on thymus innervation in the adult rat. in Acta Histochemica
Elsevier Gmbh, Munich., 106(6), 449-458.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2004.11.002

Živković I, Rakin A, Petrović-Đergović DM, Miljković B, Micić M. The effects of chronic stress on thymus innervation in the adult rat. in Acta Histochemica. 2005;106(6):449-458.
doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2004.11.002 .

Živković, Irena, Rakin, Ana, Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Miljković, B., Micić, M., "The effects of chronic stress on thymus innervation in the adult rat" in Acta Histochemica, 106, no. 6 (2005):449-458,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2004.11.002 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Kosec, Duško
AU  - Micić, M.
PY  - 2004
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/173
PB  - Elsevier, Amsterdam
C3  - Journal of Neuroimmunology
T1  - Morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus exposed to forced swim stress
EP  - 139
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 139
VL  - 154
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_173
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Rakin, Ana and Živković, Irena and Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Kosec, Duško and Micić, M.",
year = "2004",
publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Neuroimmunology",
title = "Morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus exposed to forced swim stress",
pages = "139-139",
number = "1-2",
volume = "154",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_173"
}

Rakin, A., Živković, I., Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Kosec, D.,& Micić, M.. (2004). Morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus exposed to forced swim stress. in Journal of Neuroimmunology
Elsevier, Amsterdam., 154(1-2), 139-139.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_173

Rakin A, Živković I, Petrović-Đergović DM, Kosec D, Micić M. Morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus exposed to forced swim stress. in Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2004;154(1-2):139-139.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_173 .

Rakin, Ana, Živković, Irena, Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Kosec, Duško, Micić, M., "Morphofunctional characteristics of the rat thymus exposed to forced swim stress" in Journal of Neuroimmunology, 154, no. 1-2 (2004):139-139,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_173 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Kosec, Duško
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Starčević, V.P.
AU  - Severs, W.B.
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
PY  - 2004
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/171
AB  - It is well known that somatostatin exerts a wide range of effects in the body, and acts as an antocrine or paracrine factor in the thymus. However, it has not been investigated yet whether somatostatin alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in the peripubertal rats. For this purpose, the peripubertal AO male rats were cannulated intracerebroventriculary and treated with repeated, low doses of somatostatin-14 (experimental group) or saline (control group). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, we removed and prepared the thymuses for determination of thymocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. After five days, animals were sacrificed and their thymuses taken for morphometrical analysis by stereological methods. We noticed that somatostatin-14 decreased volumes of thymus cortex and medulla, total number of thymocytes, number of thymocytes in the cortex and medulla and numerical density of thymocytes in deeper cortex. As a consequence of these changes, thymus size was also diminished. The phenotypic analysis of thymocyte subpopulations showed that somatostatin-14 decreased the percentage of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells with low level of TCRalphabeta expression, positively selected CD4(+)CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(high) cells and the most mature CD4(-)CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(high) cells, while the percentage of CD4(+)CD8(-)TCRalphabeta(high) thymocytes was slightly increased. Somatostatin-14 increased the relative proportion of the least mature CD4(-)CD8(-)TCRalphabeta(-/low), CD4(+)CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(-) cells and both of TCRalphabeta(-/low) single positive subpopulations. These results show that centrally applied somatostatin-14, induces hypotrophy of the thymus in peripubertal rats by changing the volumes and cellularities of the thymic compartments. Additionally, increased number of the least mature thymocytes and a deficiency of double positive cells indicate the involvement of somatostatin in the modulation of T cells maturation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
T2  - Neuropeptides
T1  - Somatostatin-14 alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in peripubertal rats
EP  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
VL  - 38
DO  - 10.1016/j.npep.2003.11.003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Živković, Irena and Rakin, Ana and Kosec, Duško and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Starčević, V.P. and Severs, W.B. and Mićić, Mileva",
year = "2004",
abstract = "It is well known that somatostatin exerts a wide range of effects in the body, and acts as an antocrine or paracrine factor in the thymus. However, it has not been investigated yet whether somatostatin alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in the peripubertal rats. For this purpose, the peripubertal AO male rats were cannulated intracerebroventriculary and treated with repeated, low doses of somatostatin-14 (experimental group) or saline (control group). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, we removed and prepared the thymuses for determination of thymocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. After five days, animals were sacrificed and their thymuses taken for morphometrical analysis by stereological methods. We noticed that somatostatin-14 decreased volumes of thymus cortex and medulla, total number of thymocytes, number of thymocytes in the cortex and medulla and numerical density of thymocytes in deeper cortex. As a consequence of these changes, thymus size was also diminished. The phenotypic analysis of thymocyte subpopulations showed that somatostatin-14 decreased the percentage of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells with low level of TCRalphabeta expression, positively selected CD4(+)CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(high) cells and the most mature CD4(-)CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(high) cells, while the percentage of CD4(+)CD8(-)TCRalphabeta(high) thymocytes was slightly increased. Somatostatin-14 increased the relative proportion of the least mature CD4(-)CD8(-)TCRalphabeta(-/low), CD4(+)CD8(+)TCRalphabeta(-) cells and both of TCRalphabeta(-/low) single positive subpopulations. These results show that centrally applied somatostatin-14, induces hypotrophy of the thymus in peripubertal rats by changing the volumes and cellularities of the thymic compartments. Additionally, increased number of the least mature thymocytes and a deficiency of double positive cells indicate the involvement of somatostatin in the modulation of T cells maturation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh",
journal = "Neuropeptides",
title = "Somatostatin-14 alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in peripubertal rats",
pages = "34-25",
number = "1",
volume = "38",
doi = "10.1016/j.npep.2003.11.003"
}

Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Živković, I., Rakin, A., Kosec, D., Dimitrijević, L., Starčević, V.P., Severs, W.B.,& Mićić, M.. (2004). Somatostatin-14 alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in peripubertal rats. in Neuropeptides
Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh., 38(1), 25-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2003.11.003

Petrović-Đergović DM, Živković I, Rakin A, Kosec D, Dimitrijević L, Starčević V, Severs W, Mićić M. Somatostatin-14 alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in peripubertal rats. in Neuropeptides. 2004;38(1):25-34.
doi:10.1016/j.npep.2003.11.003 .

Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Živković, Irena, Rakin, Ana, Kosec, Duško, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Starčević, V.P., Severs, W.B., Mićić, Mileva, "Somatostatin-14 alters the thymus size and relation among the thymocyte subpopulations in peripubertal rats" in Neuropeptides, 38, no. 1 (2004):25-34,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2003.11.003 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrović-Đergović, Danica M.
AU  - Rakin, Ana
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
PY  - 2002
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/155
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of centrally applied somatostatin- 28 on morphometric characteristics of the thymus, the thymocyte subpopulations, as well as, on apoptosis and phases of cell cycle in thymocytes. For this purpose, peripubertal male rats were cannulated intracerebroventriculary and treated with repeated, nanomolar concentrations of somatostatin- 28 ( experimental group) or saline ( control group). Animals were sacrificed and their thymuses were used for the analysis of thymocyte subpopulations, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry and for the evaluation of morphometric parameters by stereological analysis. Our results showed that somatostatin- 28 caused decrease of the thymic mass and volume, as well as total thymocytes number. Stereological analysis revealed volume decrease of thymic cortex and medulla accompanied with cellularity decrease. Somatostatin in the deeper cortex decreased the number of thymocytes, per volume unit, while in outer cortex raised their number. A significant increase in the percentage of double-negative and both single-positive thymocyte subpopulations, in parallel with a diminished percentage of double- positive cells was found. The cellularity of double- positive and single-positive thymocyte subpopulations was decreased. Somatostatin-28 treatment augmented the percentage of apoptotic cells, while the percentage of the cells represented in phases of cell cycle was reduced. These results suggest that somatostatin- 28 induce thymus hypotrophy as result of decreasing cortex and medulla volume and cellularity. Changes in the percentage and cellularity of thymocyte subpopulations and numerical density of thymocytes in outer and deeper cortex, indicate that somatostatin- 28 evoked disturbance in transition of double- negative to double- positive thymocytes.
PB  - Springer, Dordrecht
T2  - Histochemical Journal
T1  - Changes in the thymus of peripubertal rats induced by centrally applied somatostatin-28
EP  - 582
IS  - 11-12
SP  - 573
VL  - 34
DO  - 10.1023/A:1026047600493
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrović-Đergović, Danica M. and Rakin, Ana and Živković, Irena and Mićić, Mileva",
year = "2002",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of centrally applied somatostatin- 28 on morphometric characteristics of the thymus, the thymocyte subpopulations, as well as, on apoptosis and phases of cell cycle in thymocytes. For this purpose, peripubertal male rats were cannulated intracerebroventriculary and treated with repeated, nanomolar concentrations of somatostatin- 28 ( experimental group) or saline ( control group). Animals were sacrificed and their thymuses were used for the analysis of thymocyte subpopulations, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry and for the evaluation of morphometric parameters by stereological analysis. Our results showed that somatostatin- 28 caused decrease of the thymic mass and volume, as well as total thymocytes number. Stereological analysis revealed volume decrease of thymic cortex and medulla accompanied with cellularity decrease. Somatostatin in the deeper cortex decreased the number of thymocytes, per volume unit, while in outer cortex raised their number. A significant increase in the percentage of double-negative and both single-positive thymocyte subpopulations, in parallel with a diminished percentage of double- positive cells was found. The cellularity of double- positive and single-positive thymocyte subpopulations was decreased. Somatostatin-28 treatment augmented the percentage of apoptotic cells, while the percentage of the cells represented in phases of cell cycle was reduced. These results suggest that somatostatin- 28 induce thymus hypotrophy as result of decreasing cortex and medulla volume and cellularity. Changes in the percentage and cellularity of thymocyte subpopulations and numerical density of thymocytes in outer and deeper cortex, indicate that somatostatin- 28 evoked disturbance in transition of double- negative to double- positive thymocytes.",
publisher = "Springer, Dordrecht",
journal = "Histochemical Journal",
title = "Changes in the thymus of peripubertal rats induced by centrally applied somatostatin-28",
pages = "582-573",
number = "11-12",
volume = "34",
doi = "10.1023/A:1026047600493"
}

Petrović-Đergović, D. M., Rakin, A., Živković, I.,& Mićić, M.. (2002). Changes in the thymus of peripubertal rats induced by centrally applied somatostatin-28. in Histochemical Journal
Springer, Dordrecht., 34(11-12), 573-582.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026047600493

Petrović-Đergović DM, Rakin A, Živković I, Mićić M. Changes in the thymus of peripubertal rats induced by centrally applied somatostatin-28. in Histochemical Journal. 2002;34(11-12):573-582.
doi:10.1023/A:1026047600493 .

Petrović-Đergović, Danica M., Rakin, Ana, Živković, Irena, Mićić, Mileva, "Changes in the thymus of peripubertal rats induced by centrally applied somatostatin-28" in Histochemical Journal, 34, no. 11-12 (2002):573-582,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026047600493 . .