TY  - CONF
AU  - Panić, Marko
AU  - Prijić, Ivana
AU  - Simić, Mihajlo
AU  - Ćuruvija, Ivana
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Drgačević, Luka
AU  - Kojić, Milan
PY  - 2024
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/880
AB  - Diphtheria and tetanus, once formidable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, have seen their threats markedly diminished through the advent and widespread use of vaccines. This review article delves into the historical journey of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines, evaluates their current status in global immunization programs, and explores future perspectives in their evolution and implementation. The inception of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines marked a pivotal shift in infectious disease control. The development of diphtheria toxoid by Emil von Behring in the late 19th century and the subsequent creation of tetanus toxoid in the early 20th century set the stage for large-scale immunization efforts. These efforts were bolstered in the mid-20th century with the integration of these toxoids into combination vaccines, notably the DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) vaccine, facilitating broader immunization coverage and enhanced public health outcomes. Currently, the inclusion of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines in national immunization schedules has led to a significant decline in the incidence of these diseases globally. However, challenges remain, including disparities in vaccine coverage and the emergence of non-toxigenic strains causing diphtheria. The review highlights the WHO’s strategies towards achieving higher immunization coverage and the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates to prevent resurgence. Looking forward, the review discusses the ongoing research and development aimed at improving vaccine formulations, reducing adverse reactions, and enhancing the efficacy and durability of protection. Innovations such as nanoparticle vaccines and DNA vaccines are explored as potential avenues for future advancements. Additionally, the review addresses the critical role of global health governance in addressing vaccine hesitancy, improving access in low-resource settings, and coordinating responses to outbreaks. In conclusion, while the battle against diphtheria and tetanus has seen significant victories, continuous efforts in vaccine innovation, policy implementation, and global cooperation are essential to sustain these gains and achieve the ultimate goal of global eradication.
PB  - Serbian Society for Microbiology
C3  - XIII Congress of microbiologists of Serbia with international participation, Mikromed regio 5, From biotechnology to human and planetary health, 4-6 april
T1  - Diphtheria and tetanus vaccines: a historical overview, present achievements, and future directions
EP  - 169
SP  - 169
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_880
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Panić, Marko and Prijić, Ivana and Simić, Mihajlo and Ćuruvija, Ivana and Lukić, Ivana and Drgačević, Luka and Kojić, Milan",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Diphtheria and tetanus, once formidable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, have seen their threats markedly diminished through the advent and widespread use of vaccines. This review article delves into the historical journey of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines, evaluates their current status in global immunization programs, and explores future perspectives in their evolution and implementation. The inception of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines marked a pivotal shift in infectious disease control. The development of diphtheria toxoid by Emil von Behring in the late 19th century and the subsequent creation of tetanus toxoid in the early 20th century set the stage for large-scale immunization efforts. These efforts were bolstered in the mid-20th century with the integration of these toxoids into combination vaccines, notably the DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) vaccine, facilitating broader immunization coverage and enhanced public health outcomes. Currently, the inclusion of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines in national immunization schedules has led to a significant decline in the incidence of these diseases globally. However, challenges remain, including disparities in vaccine coverage and the emergence of non-toxigenic strains causing diphtheria. The review highlights the WHO’s strategies towards achieving higher immunization coverage and the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates to prevent resurgence. Looking forward, the review discusses the ongoing research and development aimed at improving vaccine formulations, reducing adverse reactions, and enhancing the efficacy and durability of protection. Innovations such as nanoparticle vaccines and DNA vaccines are explored as potential avenues for future advancements. Additionally, the review addresses the critical role of global health governance in addressing vaccine hesitancy, improving access in low-resource settings, and coordinating responses to outbreaks. In conclusion, while the battle against diphtheria and tetanus has seen significant victories, continuous efforts in vaccine innovation, policy implementation, and global cooperation are essential to sustain these gains and achieve the ultimate goal of global eradication.",
publisher = "Serbian Society for Microbiology",
journal = "XIII Congress of microbiologists of Serbia with international participation, Mikromed regio 5, From biotechnology to human and planetary health, 4-6 april",
title = "Diphtheria and tetanus vaccines: a historical overview, present achievements, and future directions",
pages = "169-169",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_880"
}

Panić, M., Prijić, I., Simić, M., Ćuruvija, I., Lukić, I., Drgačević, L.,& Kojić, M.. (2024). Diphtheria and tetanus vaccines: a historical overview, present achievements, and future directions. in XIII Congress of microbiologists of Serbia with international participation, Mikromed regio 5, From biotechnology to human and planetary health, 4-6 april
Serbian Society for Microbiology., 169-169.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_880

Panić M, Prijić I, Simić M, Ćuruvija I, Lukić I, Drgačević L, Kojić M. Diphtheria and tetanus vaccines: a historical overview, present achievements, and future directions. in XIII Congress of microbiologists of Serbia with international participation, Mikromed regio 5, From biotechnology to human and planetary health, 4-6 april. 2024;:169-169.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_880 .

Panić, Marko, Prijić, Ivana, Simić, Mihajlo, Ćuruvija, Ivana, Lukić, Ivana, Drgačević, Luka, Kojić, Milan, "Diphtheria and tetanus vaccines: a historical overview, present achievements, and future directions" in XIII Congress of microbiologists of Serbia with international participation, Mikromed regio 5, From biotechnology to human and planetary health, 4-6 april (2024):169-169,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_880 .