TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milovanović, Vladimir
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Kadrić, Jasminka
AU  - Minić, Rajna
AU  - Živković, Irena
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/500
AB  - During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R concept (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) is especially important in this type of production. In this article, we describe for the first time the low dose, low volume and multi-site immunization protocol, as well as appropriate ELISA we developed for production of European anti-viper (V. ammodytes, long horned) antivenom in horses, which can help to significantly improve the welfare of the used animals.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd
T2  - Acta veterinaria - Beograd
T1  - Application of the 3r concept in the production of European antiviperinum on horses - multisite, low volumes immunization protocol and Elisa
EP  - 419
IS  - 4
SP  - 401
VL  - 68
DO  - 10.2478/acve-2018-0033
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milovanović, Vladimir and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Petrušić, Vladimir and Kadrić, Jasminka and Minić, Rajna and Živković, Irena",
year = "2018",
abstract = "During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R concept (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) is especially important in this type of production. In this article, we describe for the first time the low dose, low volume and multi-site immunization protocol, as well as appropriate ELISA we developed for production of European anti-viper (V. ammodytes, long horned) antivenom in horses, which can help to significantly improve the welfare of the used animals.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd",
journal = "Acta veterinaria - Beograd",
title = "Application of the 3r concept in the production of European antiviperinum on horses - multisite, low volumes immunization protocol and Elisa",
pages = "419-401",
number = "4",
volume = "68",
doi = "10.2478/acve-2018-0033"
}

Milovanović, V., Dimitrijević, L., Petrušić, V., Kadrić, J., Minić, R.,& Živković, I.. (2018). Application of the 3r concept in the production of European antiviperinum on horses - multisite, low volumes immunization protocol and Elisa. in Acta veterinaria - Beograd
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd., 68(4), 401-419.
https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2018-0033

Milovanović V, Dimitrijević L, Petrušić V, Kadrić J, Minić R, Živković I. Application of the 3r concept in the production of European antiviperinum on horses - multisite, low volumes immunization protocol and Elisa. in Acta veterinaria - Beograd. 2018;68(4):401-419.
doi:10.2478/acve-2018-0033 .

Milovanović, Vladimir, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Petrušić, Vladimir, Kadrić, Jasminka, Minić, Rajna, Živković, Irena, "Application of the 3r concept in the production of European antiviperinum on horses - multisite, low volumes immunization protocol and Elisa" in Acta veterinaria - Beograd, 68, no. 4 (2018):401-419,
https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2018-0033 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Petrović, Raisa
AU  - Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Minić, Rajna
AU  - Bufan, Biljana
AU  - Popović, Olga
AU  - Leposavić, Gordana
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/522
AB  - The study explored influence of biological sex on development of humoral immune response to seasonal trivalent whole inactivated virus (WIV) and split virus (SV) influenza vaccines in outbred Swiss mouse model. To this end, mice of both sexes were immunized with WIV (WIV mice) and SV vaccines (SV mice) and examined for specific antibody response. Irrespective of sex, total IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to distinct virus strains were weaker in SV than in WIV mice. In WIV mice of both sexes, irrespective of strain specificity, IgG isotype response was dominated by IgG2a antibodies, while in SV mice nearly equal representation of IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies was found. The analyses of sex differences showed higher titers of H1N1-specific and both H1N1- and H3N2-specific total IgG and neutralizing antibodies in female WIV and SV mice, respectively. Additionally, sexual dimorphism in IgG subclass profile depended on vaccine type. Specifically, compared with males, in females WIV shifted IgG2a/IgG1 antibody ratio towards IgG2a isotype on the account of weaker IgG1 response, whereas in SV mice, irrespective of virus strain, IgG2a and IgG1 isotypes were equally represented in both sexes. These findings indicate the vaccine type-dependent sex bias in antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines.
PB  - Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London
T2  - Biologicals
T1  - Sex bias in mouse humoral immune response to influenza vaccine depends on the vaccine type
EP  - 24
SP  - 18
VL  - 52
DO  - 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.01.007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Petrović, Raisa and Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Minić, Rajna and Bufan, Biljana and Popović, Olga and Leposavić, Gordana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The study explored influence of biological sex on development of humoral immune response to seasonal trivalent whole inactivated virus (WIV) and split virus (SV) influenza vaccines in outbred Swiss mouse model. To this end, mice of both sexes were immunized with WIV (WIV mice) and SV vaccines (SV mice) and examined for specific antibody response. Irrespective of sex, total IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to distinct virus strains were weaker in SV than in WIV mice. In WIV mice of both sexes, irrespective of strain specificity, IgG isotype response was dominated by IgG2a antibodies, while in SV mice nearly equal representation of IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies was found. The analyses of sex differences showed higher titers of H1N1-specific and both H1N1- and H3N2-specific total IgG and neutralizing antibodies in female WIV and SV mice, respectively. Additionally, sexual dimorphism in IgG subclass profile depended on vaccine type. Specifically, compared with males, in females WIV shifted IgG2a/IgG1 antibody ratio towards IgG2a isotype on the account of weaker IgG1 response, whereas in SV mice, irrespective of virus strain, IgG2a and IgG1 isotypes were equally represented in both sexes. These findings indicate the vaccine type-dependent sex bias in antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines.",
publisher = "Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London",
journal = "Biologicals",
title = "Sex bias in mouse humoral immune response to influenza vaccine depends on the vaccine type",
pages = "24-18",
volume = "52",
doi = "10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.01.007"
}

Živković, I., Petrović, R., Arsenović-Ranin, N., Petrušić, V., Minić, R., Bufan, B., Popović, O.,& Leposavić, G.. (2018). Sex bias in mouse humoral immune response to influenza vaccine depends on the vaccine type. in Biologicals
Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, London., 52, 18-24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.01.007

Živković I, Petrović R, Arsenović-Ranin N, Petrušić V, Minić R, Bufan B, Popović O, Leposavić G. Sex bias in mouse humoral immune response to influenza vaccine depends on the vaccine type. in Biologicals. 2018;52:18-24.
doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.01.007 .

Živković, Irena, Petrović, Raisa, Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Minić, Rajna, Bufan, Biljana, Popović, Olga, Leposavić, Gordana, "Sex bias in mouse humoral immune response to influenza vaccine depends on the vaccine type" in Biologicals, 52 (2018):18-24,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.01.007 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Rajnpreht, Irena
AU  - Minić, Rajna
AU  - Mitić, Katarina
AU  - Aleksić, Iva
AU  - Kadrić, Jasminka
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/461
AB  - The Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera Torlak was established in 1927, while the first vaccine was produced in the Institute in 1930. Vaccines production implies using experimental animals, including mice, in in-process controls. The laboratory mice which have been in use in Torlak Institute from the very beginning belong to Swiss albino outbred stock. This stock, which has been in use for more than 80 years contains a large number of mice maintained at all times, was recently named Intor:Swiss. Biological characteristics of Intor:Swiss stock, are presented in this paper for the first time. Taking into account the presented characteristics, the Institute Torlak's Swiss mice are suitable for use in pharmaceutical studies, vaccine development research and basic research, as well as in toxicological studies. The publication of data on the Intor:Swiss mice represents a contribution to the international scientific community, since it offers the possibility for obtaining an additional outbred mouse stock for research.
AB  - Institut za Virusologiju, vakcine i serume Torlak, osnovan je 1927., a prva vakcina u Institutu proizvedena je 1930. Proizvodnja vakcina je složen proces koji između ostalog podrazumeva i korišćenje eksperimentalnih životinja u kontroli samog procesa. Laboratorijski miševi koji su od samog početka bili u upotrebi u Institutu Torlak, pripadaju Swiss albino outbred soju. Ova kolonija je u upotrebi više od 80 godina i sve vreme se sastoji od velikog broja jedinki što omogućava očuvanje genetske raznolikosti, pa samim tim i outbred karakteristika. Ovi miševi su odnedavno registrovani pod imenom Intor:Swiss, i njihove biološke osobine su u ovom radu prikazane po prvi put. Swiss miševi Instituta Torlak pogodni su za upotrebu u farmaceutskim studijama, za razvojno istraživanje vakcina, osnovna istraživanja i toksikološka ispitivanja. Zbog svega navedenog Intor:Swiss miševi predstavljaju još jedan pogodan animalni model za ispitivanje lekova i vakcina.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd
T2  - Acta veterinaria - Beograd
T1  - Characterization of Intor:Swiss albino mice adopted in the Institute of virology, vaccines and sera: Torlak, Belgrade in the early twentieth century
T1  - Karakterizacija Intor:Swiss soja albino miševa donetog u Institut za virusologiju, vakcine i serume - Torlak početkom XX veka
EP  - 293
IS  - 3
SP  - 279
VL  - 66
DO  - 10.1515/acve-2016-0025
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Rajnpreht, Irena and Minić, Rajna and Mitić, Katarina and Aleksić, Iva and Kadrić, Jasminka and Petrušić, Vladimir",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera Torlak was established in 1927, while the first vaccine was produced in the Institute in 1930. Vaccines production implies using experimental animals, including mice, in in-process controls. The laboratory mice which have been in use in Torlak Institute from the very beginning belong to Swiss albino outbred stock. This stock, which has been in use for more than 80 years contains a large number of mice maintained at all times, was recently named Intor:Swiss. Biological characteristics of Intor:Swiss stock, are presented in this paper for the first time. Taking into account the presented characteristics, the Institute Torlak's Swiss mice are suitable for use in pharmaceutical studies, vaccine development research and basic research, as well as in toxicological studies. The publication of data on the Intor:Swiss mice represents a contribution to the international scientific community, since it offers the possibility for obtaining an additional outbred mouse stock for research., Institut za Virusologiju, vakcine i serume Torlak, osnovan je 1927., a prva vakcina u Institutu proizvedena je 1930. Proizvodnja vakcina je složen proces koji između ostalog podrazumeva i korišćenje eksperimentalnih životinja u kontroli samog procesa. Laboratorijski miševi koji su od samog početka bili u upotrebi u Institutu Torlak, pripadaju Swiss albino outbred soju. Ova kolonija je u upotrebi više od 80 godina i sve vreme se sastoji od velikog broja jedinki što omogućava očuvanje genetske raznolikosti, pa samim tim i outbred karakteristika. Ovi miševi su odnedavno registrovani pod imenom Intor:Swiss, i njihove biološke osobine su u ovom radu prikazane po prvi put. Swiss miševi Instituta Torlak pogodni su za upotrebu u farmaceutskim studijama, za razvojno istraživanje vakcina, osnovna istraživanja i toksikološka ispitivanja. Zbog svega navedenog Intor:Swiss miševi predstavljaju još jedan pogodan animalni model za ispitivanje lekova i vakcina.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd",
journal = "Acta veterinaria - Beograd",
title = "Characterization of Intor:Swiss albino mice adopted in the Institute of virology, vaccines and sera: Torlak, Belgrade in the early twentieth century, Karakterizacija Intor:Swiss soja albino miševa donetog u Institut za virusologiju, vakcine i serume - Torlak početkom XX veka",
pages = "293-279",
number = "3",
volume = "66",
doi = "10.1515/acve-2016-0025"
}

Živković, I., Rajnpreht, I., Minić, R., Mitić, K., Aleksić, I., Kadrić, J.,& Petrušić, V.. (2016). Characterization of Intor:Swiss albino mice adopted in the Institute of virology, vaccines and sera: Torlak, Belgrade in the early twentieth century. in Acta veterinaria - Beograd
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet veterinarske medicine, Beograd., 66(3), 279-293.
https://doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0025

Živković I, Rajnpreht I, Minić R, Mitić K, Aleksić I, Kadrić J, Petrušić V. Characterization of Intor:Swiss albino mice adopted in the Institute of virology, vaccines and sera: Torlak, Belgrade in the early twentieth century. in Acta veterinaria - Beograd. 2016;66(3):279-293.
doi:10.1515/acve-2016-0025 .

Živković, Irena, Rajnpreht, Irena, Minić, Rajna, Mitić, Katarina, Aleksić, Iva, Kadrić, Jasminka, Petrušić, Vladimir, "Characterization of Intor:Swiss albino mice adopted in the Institute of virology, vaccines and sera: Torlak, Belgrade in the early twentieth century" in Acta veterinaria - Beograd, 66, no. 3 (2016):279-293,
https://doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0025 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitić, Katarina
AU  - Muhandes, Lina
AU  - Minić, Rajna
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/464
AB  - Testing of every new vaccine involves investigation of its immunogenicity, which is based on monitoring its ability to induce specific antibodies in animals. The fastest and most sensitive method used for this purpose is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, commercial ELISA kits with whole influenza virus antigens are not available on the market, and it is therefore essential to establish an adequate assay for testing influenza virus-specific antibodies. We developed ELISA with whole influenza virus strains for the season 2011/2012 as antigens and validated it by checking its specificity, accuracy, linearity, range, precision, and sensitivity. The results show that we developed high-quality ELISA that can be used to test immunogenicity of newly produced seasonal or pandemic vaccines in mice. The pre-existence of validated ELISA enables shortening the time from the process of vaccine production to its use in patients, which is particularly important in the case of a pandemic.
PB  - Charles Univ Prague, First Faculty Medicine, Prague 6
T2  - Folia Biologica (Czech Republic)
T1  - Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Pre-Clinical Trials of Influenza Vaccine
EP  - 249
IS  - 6
SP  - 241
VL  - 62
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_464
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mitić, Katarina and Muhandes, Lina and Minić, Rajna and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Testing of every new vaccine involves investigation of its immunogenicity, which is based on monitoring its ability to induce specific antibodies in animals. The fastest and most sensitive method used for this purpose is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, commercial ELISA kits with whole influenza virus antigens are not available on the market, and it is therefore essential to establish an adequate assay for testing influenza virus-specific antibodies. We developed ELISA with whole influenza virus strains for the season 2011/2012 as antigens and validated it by checking its specificity, accuracy, linearity, range, precision, and sensitivity. The results show that we developed high-quality ELISA that can be used to test immunogenicity of newly produced seasonal or pandemic vaccines in mice. The pre-existence of validated ELISA enables shortening the time from the process of vaccine production to its use in patients, which is particularly important in the case of a pandemic.",
publisher = "Charles Univ Prague, First Faculty Medicine, Prague 6",
journal = "Folia Biologica (Czech Republic)",
title = "Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Pre-Clinical Trials of Influenza Vaccine",
pages = "249-241",
number = "6",
volume = "62",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_464"
}

Mitić, K., Muhandes, L., Minić, R., Petrušić, V.,& Živković, I.. (2016). Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Pre-Clinical Trials of Influenza Vaccine. in Folia Biologica (Czech Republic)
Charles Univ Prague, First Faculty Medicine, Prague 6., 62(6), 241-249.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_464

Mitić K, Muhandes L, Minić R, Petrušić V, Živković I. Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Pre-Clinical Trials of Influenza Vaccine. in Folia Biologica (Czech Republic). 2016;62(6):241-249.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_464 .

Mitić, Katarina, Muhandes, Lina, Minić, Rajna, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, "Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Pre-Clinical Trials of Influenza Vaccine" in Folia Biologica (Czech Republic), 62, no. 6 (2016):241-249,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_464 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minić, Rajna
AU  - Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Eijsink, Vincent G.H.
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Mathiesen, Geir
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/447
AB  - Group I grass pollen allergens are major contributors to grass pollen-related seasonal allergic rhinitis, and as such a primary target for allergen specific immunotherapy. In this study the potential therapeutic role of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, directing cell wall attachment of the recombinant Fes p1 allergen, from Festuca pratensis was tested in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. For surface expression of Fes p1 allergen in L. plantarum WCFS1 pSIP system with inducible expression was used. Balb/c mice were sensitized with Fes p1 protein in alum and subsequently received live recombinant L. plantarum orally. Antibody levels (IgE, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA) were determined by ELISA. Differential eosinophil count in peripheral blood was performed. Reduced peripheral blood eosinophilia and increased serum IgG2A levels was detected in both groups which received live L. plantarum orally. Specific serum IgA levels were increased only in mice treated with the recombinant bacteria. Oral application of L. plantarum WCFS1 has a beneficial therapeutic effect in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. Cell surface expression of Fes p1 allergen potentiates this phenomenon in an allergen specific way. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Biotechnology
T1  - Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice
EP  - 28
SP  - 23
VL  - 199
DO  - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Minić, Rajna and Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Eijsink, Vincent G.H. and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Mathiesen, Geir",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Group I grass pollen allergens are major contributors to grass pollen-related seasonal allergic rhinitis, and as such a primary target for allergen specific immunotherapy. In this study the potential therapeutic role of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, directing cell wall attachment of the recombinant Fes p1 allergen, from Festuca pratensis was tested in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. For surface expression of Fes p1 allergen in L. plantarum WCFS1 pSIP system with inducible expression was used. Balb/c mice were sensitized with Fes p1 protein in alum and subsequently received live recombinant L. plantarum orally. Antibody levels (IgE, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA) were determined by ELISA. Differential eosinophil count in peripheral blood was performed. Reduced peripheral blood eosinophilia and increased serum IgG2A levels was detected in both groups which received live L. plantarum orally. Specific serum IgA levels were increased only in mice treated with the recombinant bacteria. Oral application of L. plantarum WCFS1 has a beneficial therapeutic effect in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. Cell surface expression of Fes p1 allergen potentiates this phenomenon in an allergen specific way. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Biotechnology",
title = "Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice",
pages = "28-23",
volume = "199",
doi = "10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028"
}

Minić, R., Gavrović-Jankulović, M., Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Eijsink, V. G.H., Dimitrijević, L.,& Mathiesen, G.. (2015). Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice. in Journal of Biotechnology
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 199, 23-28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028

Minić R, Gavrović-Jankulović M, Petrušić V, Živković I, Eijsink VG, Dimitrijević L, Mathiesen G. Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice. in Journal of Biotechnology. 2015;199:23-28.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028 .

Minić, Rajna, Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Eijsink, Vincent G.H., Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Mathiesen, Geir, "Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice" in Journal of Biotechnology, 199 (2015):23-28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Bufan, Biljana
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Minić, Rajna
AU  - Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena
AU  - Petrović, Raisa
AU  - Leposavić, Gordana
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/432
AB  - An outbred mouse model was used to determine if antibody response to immunization with whole-virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) differs between the sexes. The antibody response was examined one (serum titer of IgM antibodies), and three and six weeks post-immunization (serum titer of neutralizing and total IgG antibodies and IgG subclass profile). Compared with male in female mice was found (i) the more robust IgM response against all influenza strains included in TIV and (ii) more vigorous neutralizing antibody and total IgG responses against H1N1 influenza virus at both the examined time points post-immunization. The total IgG antibody response against H3N2 and B influenza viruses was comparable between female and male mice three weeks post-immunization, but significantly greater in female mice six weeks post-immunization. The neutralizing antibody response against H3N2 and B influenza viruses did not significantly differ between sexes at both the examined points post-immunization. Finally, three weeks post-immunization subclass profile of IgG specific to the influenza strains included in TIV differed between female and male mice, reflecting the lower titer of IgG1 antibodies in female ones, so that IgG2a (contributing mainly to the total IgG) to IgG1 ratio in mice of this sex was shifted toward the former. In agreement with this shift, compared with male mice, Th1/Th2 balance in female mice was shifted toward Th1, as shown by ELISPOT. Collectively, the results showed influenza virus strain-dependent sexual dimorphism in the magnitude, dynamics and characteristics of antibody response in outbred mice immunized with TIV. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Vaccine
T1  - Sexual diergism in antibody response to whole virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in outbred mice
EP  - 5552
IS  - 42
SP  - 5546
VL  - 33
DO  - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Bufan, Biljana and Petrušić, Vladimir and Minić, Rajna and Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena and Petrović, Raisa and Leposavić, Gordana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "An outbred mouse model was used to determine if antibody response to immunization with whole-virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) differs between the sexes. The antibody response was examined one (serum titer of IgM antibodies), and three and six weeks post-immunization (serum titer of neutralizing and total IgG antibodies and IgG subclass profile). Compared with male in female mice was found (i) the more robust IgM response against all influenza strains included in TIV and (ii) more vigorous neutralizing antibody and total IgG responses against H1N1 influenza virus at both the examined time points post-immunization. The total IgG antibody response against H3N2 and B influenza viruses was comparable between female and male mice three weeks post-immunization, but significantly greater in female mice six weeks post-immunization. The neutralizing antibody response against H3N2 and B influenza viruses did not significantly differ between sexes at both the examined points post-immunization. Finally, three weeks post-immunization subclass profile of IgG specific to the influenza strains included in TIV differed between female and male mice, reflecting the lower titer of IgG1 antibodies in female ones, so that IgG2a (contributing mainly to the total IgG) to IgG1 ratio in mice of this sex was shifted toward the former. In agreement with this shift, compared with male mice, Th1/Th2 balance in female mice was shifted toward Th1, as shown by ELISPOT. Collectively, the results showed influenza virus strain-dependent sexual dimorphism in the magnitude, dynamics and characteristics of antibody response in outbred mice immunized with TIV. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Vaccine",
title = "Sexual diergism in antibody response to whole virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in outbred mice",
pages = "5552-5546",
number = "42",
volume = "33",
doi = "10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.006"
}

Živković, I., Bufan, B., Petrušić, V., Minić, R., Arsenović-Ranin, N., Petrović, R.,& Leposavić, G.. (2015). Sexual diergism in antibody response to whole virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in outbred mice. in Vaccine
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 33(42), 5546-5552.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.006

Živković I, Bufan B, Petrušić V, Minić R, Arsenović-Ranin N, Petrović R, Leposavić G. Sexual diergism in antibody response to whole virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in outbred mice. in Vaccine. 2015;33(42):5546-5552.
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.006 .

Živković, Irena, Bufan, Biljana, Petrušić, Vladimir, Minić, Rajna, Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena, Petrović, Raisa, Leposavić, Gordana, "Sexual diergism in antibody response to whole virus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in outbred mice" in Vaccine, 33, no. 42 (2015):5546-5552,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.006 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Eijsink, Vincent G.H.
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Mathiesen, Geir
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/652
AB  - Group I grass pollen allergens are major contributors to grass pollen-related seasonal allergic rhinitis, and as such a primary target for allergen specific immunotherapy. In this study the potential therapeutic role of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, directing cell wall attachment of the recombinant Fes p1 allergen, from Festuca pratensis was tested in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. For surface expression of Fes p1 allergen in L. plantarum WCFS1 pSIP system with inducible expression was used. Balb/c mice were sensitized with Fes p1 protein in alum and subsequently received live recombinant L. plantarum orally. Antibody levels (IgE, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA) were determined by ELISA. Differential eosinophil count in peripheral blood was performed. Reduced peripheral blood eosinophilia and increased serum IgG2A levels was detected in both groups which received live L. plantarum orally. Specific serum IgA levels were increased only in mice treated with the recombinant bacteria. Oral application of L. plantarum WCFS1 has a beneficial therapeutic effect in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. Cell surface expression of Fes p1 allergen potentiates this phenomenon in an allergen specific way. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Biotechnology
T1  - Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice
EP  - 28
SP  - 23
VL  - 199
DO  - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Eijsink, Vincent G.H. and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Mathiesen, Geir",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Group I grass pollen allergens are major contributors to grass pollen-related seasonal allergic rhinitis, and as such a primary target for allergen specific immunotherapy. In this study the potential therapeutic role of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, directing cell wall attachment of the recombinant Fes p1 allergen, from Festuca pratensis was tested in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. For surface expression of Fes p1 allergen in L. plantarum WCFS1 pSIP system with inducible expression was used. Balb/c mice were sensitized with Fes p1 protein in alum and subsequently received live recombinant L. plantarum orally. Antibody levels (IgE, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA) were determined by ELISA. Differential eosinophil count in peripheral blood was performed. Reduced peripheral blood eosinophilia and increased serum IgG2A levels was detected in both groups which received live L. plantarum orally. Specific serum IgA levels were increased only in mice treated with the recombinant bacteria. Oral application of L. plantarum WCFS1 has a beneficial therapeutic effect in a mouse model of Fes p1 allergy. Cell surface expression of Fes p1 allergen potentiates this phenomenon in an allergen specific way. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Biotechnology",
title = "Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice",
pages = "28-23",
volume = "199",
doi = "10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028"
}

Gavrović-Jankulović, M., Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Eijsink, V. G.H., Dimitrijević, L.,& Mathiesen, G.. (2015). Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice. in Journal of Biotechnology
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 199, 23-28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028

Gavrović-Jankulović M, Petrušić V, Živković I, Eijsink VG, Dimitrijević L, Mathiesen G. Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice. in Journal of Biotechnology. 2015;199:23-28.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028 .

Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Eijsink, Vincent G.H., Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Mathiesen, Geir, "Effects of orally applied Fes p1-displaying L. plantarum WCFS1 on Fes p1 induced allergy in mice" in Journal of Biotechnology, 199 (2015):23-28,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.028 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Todorović, Nevena
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Dimitrijević, Rajna
AU  - Muhandes, Lina
AU  - Rajnpreht, Irena
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/446
AB  - Recent data concerning antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) induction have shown that beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which results in conformational changes, exposition of a cryptic epitope and possible pathological anti-beta(2)GPI antibody production. In order to investigate the effects of LPS on the induction of APS-related pathology, we performed hyperimmunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with LPS, alone or in combination with tetanus toxoid (TTd), a protein structurally similar to beta(2)GPI. We report that, although high affinity pathological anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies were produced in all groups of animals, the reproductive pathology was recorded only in mice that received both LPS and TTd, implying on the important roles of both infections and molecular mimicry in APS pathogenesis. Moreover, APS-related reproductive pathology was more pronounced in BALB/c (lowered fertility and fecundity) than C57BL/6 mice (lowered fecundity), which correlated well with the disruption in natural antibody network observed in BALB/c mouse strain.
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd, Abingdon
T2  - Autoimmunity
T1  - Autoantibody response and pregnancy-related pathology induced by combined LPS and tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice
EP  - 99
IS  - 2
SP  - 87
VL  - 48
DO  - 10.3109/08916934.2014.961061
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrušić, Vladimir and Todorović, Nevena and Živković, Irena and Dimitrijević, Rajna and Muhandes, Lina and Rajnpreht, Irena and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Recent data concerning antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) induction have shown that beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which results in conformational changes, exposition of a cryptic epitope and possible pathological anti-beta(2)GPI antibody production. In order to investigate the effects of LPS on the induction of APS-related pathology, we performed hyperimmunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with LPS, alone or in combination with tetanus toxoid (TTd), a protein structurally similar to beta(2)GPI. We report that, although high affinity pathological anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies were produced in all groups of animals, the reproductive pathology was recorded only in mice that received both LPS and TTd, implying on the important roles of both infections and molecular mimicry in APS pathogenesis. Moreover, APS-related reproductive pathology was more pronounced in BALB/c (lowered fertility and fecundity) than C57BL/6 mice (lowered fecundity), which correlated well with the disruption in natural antibody network observed in BALB/c mouse strain.",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis Ltd, Abingdon",
journal = "Autoimmunity",
title = "Autoantibody response and pregnancy-related pathology induced by combined LPS and tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice",
pages = "99-87",
number = "2",
volume = "48",
doi = "10.3109/08916934.2014.961061"
}

Petrušić, V., Todorović, N., Živković, I., Dimitrijević, R., Muhandes, L., Rajnpreht, I.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2015). Autoantibody response and pregnancy-related pathology induced by combined LPS and tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. in Autoimmunity
Taylor & Francis Ltd, Abingdon., 48(2), 87-99.
https://doi.org/10.3109/08916934.2014.961061

Petrušić V, Todorović N, Živković I, Dimitrijević R, Muhandes L, Rajnpreht I, Dimitrijević L. Autoantibody response and pregnancy-related pathology induced by combined LPS and tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. in Autoimmunity. 2015;48(2):87-99.
doi:10.3109/08916934.2014.961061 .

Petrušić, Vladimir, Todorović, Nevena, Živković, Irena, Dimitrijević, Rajna, Muhandes, Lina, Rajnpreht, Irena, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Autoantibody response and pregnancy-related pathology induced by combined LPS and tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice" in Autoimmunity, 48, no. 2 (2015):87-99,
https://doi.org/10.3109/08916934.2014.961061 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dimitrijević, Rajna
AU  - Ivanović, Nevena
AU  - Mathiesen, Geir
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Đorđević, Brižita
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/398
AB  - Probiotic bacteria have been used in human nutrition for centuries and are now attracting more attention. In order to examine the immunological aspects of probiotic consumption, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 was orally administrated using gavage to healthy C57BL/6 mice. After one month splenocytes were isolated, and analysed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) was assessed. Cytokine levels in the serum were also analysed. Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a significant decrease of CD3+, CD25+ and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations in the mouse spleen. Increased sensitivity to stimulation through proliferation and IL-6 secretion was detected. Increased serum IFN-gamma and decreased IL-10 levels were found. Our results show increased responsiveness of splenocytes, activation of the Th1 type of immune response, and a shift of leucocyte populations towards monocyte/granulocyte populations.
PB  - Cambridge Univ Press, New York
T2  - Journal of Dairy Research
T1  - Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of C57BL/6 mice upon oral administration
EP  - 207
IS  - 2
SP  - 202
VL  - 81
DO  - 10.1017/S0022029914000028
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dimitrijević, Rajna and Ivanović, Nevena and Mathiesen, Geir and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Đorđević, Brižita and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Probiotic bacteria have been used in human nutrition for centuries and are now attracting more attention. In order to examine the immunological aspects of probiotic consumption, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 was orally administrated using gavage to healthy C57BL/6 mice. After one month splenocytes were isolated, and analysed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) was assessed. Cytokine levels in the serum were also analysed. Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a significant decrease of CD3+, CD25+ and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations in the mouse spleen. Increased sensitivity to stimulation through proliferation and IL-6 secretion was detected. Increased serum IFN-gamma and decreased IL-10 levels were found. Our results show increased responsiveness of splenocytes, activation of the Th1 type of immune response, and a shift of leucocyte populations towards monocyte/granulocyte populations.",
publisher = "Cambridge Univ Press, New York",
journal = "Journal of Dairy Research",
title = "Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of C57BL/6 mice upon oral administration",
pages = "207-202",
number = "2",
volume = "81",
doi = "10.1017/S0022029914000028"
}

Dimitrijević, R., Ivanović, N., Mathiesen, G., Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Đorđević, B.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2014). Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of C57BL/6 mice upon oral administration. in Journal of Dairy Research
Cambridge Univ Press, New York., 81(2), 202-207.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029914000028

Dimitrijević R, Ivanović N, Mathiesen G, Petrušić V, Živković I, Đorđević B, Dimitrijević L. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of C57BL/6 mice upon oral administration. in Journal of Dairy Research. 2014;81(2):202-207.
doi:10.1017/S0022029914000028 .

Dimitrijević, Rajna, Ivanović, Nevena, Mathiesen, Geir, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Đorđević, Brižita, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of C57BL/6 mice upon oral administration" in Journal of Dairy Research, 81, no. 2 (2014):202-207,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029914000028 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Muhandes, Lina
AU  - Dimitrijević, Rajna
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/399
AB  - In addition to being the main cause of mortality worldwide, bacterial and viral infections can be the cause of autoimmune and pregnancy disorders as well. The production of autoantibodies during infection can be explained by various mechanisms, including molecular mimicry, bystander cell activation and epitope spreading. Conversely, bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy are especially dangerous for the fetus. It is documented that infection-induced inflammatory processes mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLR) represent the main cause of preterm labour. We used two crucial bacterial components and TLR ligands, namely peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, to stimulate BALB/c mice before immunisation with tetanus toxoid. Tetanus toxoid is an inactive form of the toxin produced by bacterium Clostridium tetani and shares structural similarity with plasma protein beta(2)-glycoprotein I. Treatment with peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide in combination with tetanus toxoid induced the production of pathological autoantibodies, different fluctuations in natural autoantibodies and different types of reproductive pathology in treated animals, with peptidoglycan treatment being more deleterious. We propose that the production of pathological autoantibodies, TLR activation and changes in natural autoantibodies play crucial roles in infection-induced reproductive pathology in our animal model.
PB  - Csiro Publishing, Clayton
T2  - Reproduction Fertility and Development
T1  - Infection-induced autoantibodies and pregnancy related pathology: an animal model
EP  - 586
IS  - 4
SP  - 578
VL  - 26
DO  - 10.1071/RD13057
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Muhandes, Lina and Dimitrijević, Rajna and Stojanović, Marijana and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2014",
abstract = "In addition to being the main cause of mortality worldwide, bacterial and viral infections can be the cause of autoimmune and pregnancy disorders as well. The production of autoantibodies during infection can be explained by various mechanisms, including molecular mimicry, bystander cell activation and epitope spreading. Conversely, bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy are especially dangerous for the fetus. It is documented that infection-induced inflammatory processes mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLR) represent the main cause of preterm labour. We used two crucial bacterial components and TLR ligands, namely peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, to stimulate BALB/c mice before immunisation with tetanus toxoid. Tetanus toxoid is an inactive form of the toxin produced by bacterium Clostridium tetani and shares structural similarity with plasma protein beta(2)-glycoprotein I. Treatment with peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide in combination with tetanus toxoid induced the production of pathological autoantibodies, different fluctuations in natural autoantibodies and different types of reproductive pathology in treated animals, with peptidoglycan treatment being more deleterious. We propose that the production of pathological autoantibodies, TLR activation and changes in natural autoantibodies play crucial roles in infection-induced reproductive pathology in our animal model.",
publisher = "Csiro Publishing, Clayton",
journal = "Reproduction Fertility and Development",
title = "Infection-induced autoantibodies and pregnancy related pathology: an animal model",
pages = "586-578",
number = "4",
volume = "26",
doi = "10.1071/RD13057"
}

Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Muhandes, L., Dimitrijević, R., Stojanović, M.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2014). Infection-induced autoantibodies and pregnancy related pathology: an animal model. in Reproduction Fertility and Development
Csiro Publishing, Clayton., 26(4), 578-586.
https://doi.org/10.1071/RD13057

Petrušić V, Živković I, Muhandes L, Dimitrijević R, Stojanović M, Dimitrijević L. Infection-induced autoantibodies and pregnancy related pathology: an animal model. in Reproduction Fertility and Development. 2014;26(4):578-586.
doi:10.1071/RD13057 .

Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Muhandes, Lina, Dimitrijević, Rajna, Stojanović, Marijana, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Infection-induced autoantibodies and pregnancy related pathology: an animal model" in Reproduction Fertility and Development, 26, no. 4 (2014):578-586,
https://doi.org/10.1071/RD13057 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Dimitrijević, Rajna
AU  - Ivanović, Nevena
AU  - Mathiesen, Geir
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Đorđević, Brižita
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/712
AB  - Uvod: Probiotici se koriste vekovima kao deo humane ishrane i u poslednje vreme pridaje im se sve vise značaja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje imunoloških aspekata konzumiranja soja Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68.
Metodologija: Soj LA68 davan je miševima oralno, gavažom četiri puta nedeljno tokom
mesec dana. Korišćena je sveža prekonoćna kultura i jedna doza sastojala se od 2x109
CFU. Nakon isteka eksperimentalnog perioda izolovani su mišji splenociti i analizirani
pomoću protocne citometrije. Meren je i odgovor splenocita u vidu sekrecije citokina
(IFN-y, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) kao i proliferacija nakon stimulacije lipopolisaharidom i peptidoglikanom. Analizirani su i citokini u serumu eksperimentalnih miševa. Zdravstveno
stanje životinja praćeno je merenjem težine i osnovnih biohemijskih parametara.
Rezultati: Oralna aplikacija soja LA68 dovodi do značajnog smanjenja zastupljenosti
CD3+, CD25+ i CD19+ celija i do povecanja CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ ćelija u slezini
eksperimentalnih miševa. Detektovana je i povećana osetljivost na stimulaciju merenjem ćelijske proliferacije i sekrecije IL-6. U serumu eksperimentalnih miševa detektovan
je poviseni nivo IFN-y i smanjenje IL-10. Težina životinja i biohemijski parametri nisu se
razlikovali među grupama i ulazili su u opseg normalnih vrednosti za ovu vrstu miša.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na povećanu osetljivost splenocita na stimulaciju,
aktivaciju Th1 tipa imunskog odgovora i pomeranje leukocitne populacije ka monocitno/granulocitnoj populaciji. Detektovane promene mogu pomoći organizmu u odbrani
protiv određenih vrsta infekcija i umanjiti simtome alergije.
AB  - Introduction: Probiotic bacteria have been used in human nutrition for centuries and
are attracting more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of mice.
Methodology: In order to examine the immunological aspects of probiotic consumption LA68 was orally administrated via gavage to C57 BL/6 mice. Gavage was performed
four times per week for the duration of one month. Fresh overnight culture was used
and one dose consisted of 2x109 CFU. Upon completion mouse splenocytes were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon
stimulation with LPS and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-y, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17)
were assessed. Cytokine levels in the serum were also analyzed. Mouse well being was
monitored with weight measurement and basic blood biochemisty.
Results: Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a significant decrease of CD3+, CD25+
and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations
in the mouse spleen. Increased sensitivity to stimulation through proliferation and IL-6
secretion was detected. Increased serum IFN-y and decreased IL-10 levels were found.
Animal weight and biochemical parameters did not differ between the groups and were
within the normal values for this mouse strain.
Conclusion: Our results show increased responsiveness of splenocytes, activation of
the Th1 type of immune response, and a shift of leukocyte populations toward monocyte/granulocyte populations. Changes detected consist of a boost in defense mechanisms against certain types of bacteria and ameliorate allergy symptoms.
PB  - Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu, Farmaceutski fakultet - Institut za bromatologiju
C3  - Četvrti kongres o dietetskim suplementima sa međunarodnim učešćem, Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima, 24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, Srbija
T1  - Efekti oralne primene l. Rhamnosus la68 na imuni sistem c57 bl/6 miševa
T1  - Effects of l.rhamnosus la68 on the immune system of c57 bl/6 mice upon oral administration
SP  - 12
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_712
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Dimitrijević, Rajna and Ivanović, Nevena and Mathiesen, Geir and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Đorđević, Brižita and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Uvod: Probiotici se koriste vekovima kao deo humane ishrane i u poslednje vreme pridaje im se sve vise značaja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje imunoloških aspekata konzumiranja soja Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68.
Metodologija: Soj LA68 davan je miševima oralno, gavažom četiri puta nedeljno tokom
mesec dana. Korišćena je sveža prekonoćna kultura i jedna doza sastojala se od 2x109
CFU. Nakon isteka eksperimentalnog perioda izolovani su mišji splenociti i analizirani
pomoću protocne citometrije. Meren je i odgovor splenocita u vidu sekrecije citokina
(IFN-y, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17) kao i proliferacija nakon stimulacije lipopolisaharidom i peptidoglikanom. Analizirani su i citokini u serumu eksperimentalnih miševa. Zdravstveno
stanje životinja praćeno je merenjem težine i osnovnih biohemijskih parametara.
Rezultati: Oralna aplikacija soja LA68 dovodi do značajnog smanjenja zastupljenosti
CD3+, CD25+ i CD19+ celija i do povecanja CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ ćelija u slezini
eksperimentalnih miševa. Detektovana je i povećana osetljivost na stimulaciju merenjem ćelijske proliferacije i sekrecije IL-6. U serumu eksperimentalnih miševa detektovan
je poviseni nivo IFN-y i smanjenje IL-10. Težina životinja i biohemijski parametri nisu se
razlikovali među grupama i ulazili su u opseg normalnih vrednosti za ovu vrstu miša.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na povećanu osetljivost splenocita na stimulaciju,
aktivaciju Th1 tipa imunskog odgovora i pomeranje leukocitne populacije ka monocitno/granulocitnoj populaciji. Detektovane promene mogu pomoći organizmu u odbrani
protiv određenih vrsta infekcija i umanjiti simtome alergije., Introduction: Probiotic bacteria have been used in human nutrition for centuries and
are attracting more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 on the immune system of mice.
Methodology: In order to examine the immunological aspects of probiotic consumption LA68 was orally administrated via gavage to C57 BL/6 mice. Gavage was performed
four times per week for the duration of one month. Fresh overnight culture was used
and one dose consisted of 2x109 CFU. Upon completion mouse splenocytes were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation upon
stimulation with LPS and peptidoglycan and cytokine levels (IFN-y, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17)
were assessed. Cytokine levels in the serum were also analyzed. Mouse well being was
monitored with weight measurement and basic blood biochemisty.
Results: Oral application of strain LA68 leads to a significant decrease of CD3+, CD25+
and CD19+ cells, and an increase of CD11b+ and CD16/CD32+ positive cell populations
in the mouse spleen. Increased sensitivity to stimulation through proliferation and IL-6
secretion was detected. Increased serum IFN-y and decreased IL-10 levels were found.
Animal weight and biochemical parameters did not differ between the groups and were
within the normal values for this mouse strain.
Conclusion: Our results show increased responsiveness of splenocytes, activation of
the Th1 type of immune response, and a shift of leukocyte populations toward monocyte/granulocyte populations. Changes detected consist of a boost in defense mechanisms against certain types of bacteria and ameliorate allergy symptoms.",
publisher = "Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Farmaceutski fakultet - Institut za bromatologiju",
journal = "Četvrti kongres o dietetskim suplementima sa međunarodnim učešćem, Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima, 24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, Srbija",
title = "Efekti oralne primene l. Rhamnosus la68 na imuni sistem c57 bl/6 miševa, Effects of l.rhamnosus la68 on the immune system of c57 bl/6 mice upon oral administration",
pages = "12",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_712"
}

Dimitrijević, R., Ivanović, N., Mathiesen, G., Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Đorđević, B.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2013). Efekti oralne primene l. Rhamnosus la68 na imuni sistem c57 bl/6 miševa. in Četvrti kongres o dietetskim suplementima sa međunarodnim učešćem, Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima, 24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, Srbija
Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije., 12.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_712

Dimitrijević R, Ivanović N, Mathiesen G, Petrušić V, Živković I, Đorđević B, Dimitrijević L. Efekti oralne primene l. Rhamnosus la68 na imuni sistem c57 bl/6 miševa. in Četvrti kongres o dietetskim suplementima sa međunarodnim učešćem, Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima, 24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, Srbija. 2013;:12.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_712 .

Dimitrijević, Rajna, Ivanović, Nevena, Mathiesen, Geir, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Đorđević, Brižita, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Efekti oralne primene l. Rhamnosus la68 na imuni sistem c57 bl/6 miševa" in Četvrti kongres o dietetskim suplementima sa međunarodnim učešćem, Suplementacija zasnovana na dokazima, 24-25. oktobar 2013. Beograd, Srbija (2013):12,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_intor_712 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra
AU  - Stojičević, Ivana
AU  - Marinković, Emilija
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/395
AB  - It is known that tetanus toxoid (TTd)-hyperimmunization induces increased titer of sera beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI)-specific antibodies (Abs) in Balb/c mice. The concentrations of such induced anti-beta 2GPI Abs as well as their pathogenic potential are strongly influenced by the context of TTd application. beta 2GPI-specific immune response is established as a part of TTd-specific immune response by molecular mimicry mechanism due to structural homology between TTd and beta 2GPI. This finding is supported by the following facts: (1) cross-reactive Abs that recognize both TTd and beta 2GPI epitopes are present in Balb/c mice sera; (2) anti-TTd Abs secretion in splenic cultures is induced after beta 2GPI stimulation and vice versa. However, analyses of (1) IL-10 production following in vitro stimulation of immunized Balb/c mice splenocytes by TTd, beta 2GPI or glutaraldehyde-treated beta 2GPI and (2) specific impact of ConA and agonists of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on anti-TTd and autoreactive Abs secretion strongly imply that these two branches of the TTd-induced immune response do not use identical cell populations and are regulated in a different way. Results presented in this paper describe that structural homology between foreign and self-antigens could focus mounted autoreactive immune response toward specific self-structure, but the context of antigen application, including a history of previous immune stimulations and adjuvants applied together with the antigen, are the main factors which determine the outcome of the induced immune response.
PB  - Humana Press Inc, Totowa
T2  - Immunologic Research
T1  - Role of molecular mimicry and polyclonal cell activation in the induction of pathogenic beta 2-glycoprotein I-directed immune response in Balb/c mice upon hyperimmunization with tetanus toxoid
EP  - 31
IS  - 1
SP  - 20
VL  - 56
DO  - 10.1007/s12026-012-8343-1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojanović, Marijana and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra and Stojičević, Ivana and Marinković, Emilija and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "It is known that tetanus toxoid (TTd)-hyperimmunization induces increased titer of sera beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI)-specific antibodies (Abs) in Balb/c mice. The concentrations of such induced anti-beta 2GPI Abs as well as their pathogenic potential are strongly influenced by the context of TTd application. beta 2GPI-specific immune response is established as a part of TTd-specific immune response by molecular mimicry mechanism due to structural homology between TTd and beta 2GPI. This finding is supported by the following facts: (1) cross-reactive Abs that recognize both TTd and beta 2GPI epitopes are present in Balb/c mice sera; (2) anti-TTd Abs secretion in splenic cultures is induced after beta 2GPI stimulation and vice versa. However, analyses of (1) IL-10 production following in vitro stimulation of immunized Balb/c mice splenocytes by TTd, beta 2GPI or glutaraldehyde-treated beta 2GPI and (2) specific impact of ConA and agonists of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on anti-TTd and autoreactive Abs secretion strongly imply that these two branches of the TTd-induced immune response do not use identical cell populations and are regulated in a different way. Results presented in this paper describe that structural homology between foreign and self-antigens could focus mounted autoreactive immune response toward specific self-structure, but the context of antigen application, including a history of previous immune stimulations and adjuvants applied together with the antigen, are the main factors which determine the outcome of the induced immune response.",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc, Totowa",
journal = "Immunologic Research",
title = "Role of molecular mimicry and polyclonal cell activation in the induction of pathogenic beta 2-glycoprotein I-directed immune response in Balb/c mice upon hyperimmunization with tetanus toxoid",
pages = "31-20",
number = "1",
volume = "56",
doi = "10.1007/s12026-012-8343-1"
}

Stojanović, M., Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Inić-Kanada, A., Stojičević, I., Marinković, E.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2013). Role of molecular mimicry and polyclonal cell activation in the induction of pathogenic beta 2-glycoprotein I-directed immune response in Balb/c mice upon hyperimmunization with tetanus toxoid. in Immunologic Research
Humana Press Inc, Totowa., 56(1), 20-31.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-012-8343-1

Stojanović M, Petrušić V, Živković I, Inić-Kanada A, Stojičević I, Marinković E, Dimitrijević L. Role of molecular mimicry and polyclonal cell activation in the induction of pathogenic beta 2-glycoprotein I-directed immune response in Balb/c mice upon hyperimmunization with tetanus toxoid. in Immunologic Research. 2013;56(1):20-31.
doi:10.1007/s12026-012-8343-1 .

Stojanović, Marijana, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra, Stojičević, Ivana, Marinković, Emilija, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Role of molecular mimicry and polyclonal cell activation in the induction of pathogenic beta 2-glycoprotein I-directed immune response in Balb/c mice upon hyperimmunization with tetanus toxoid" in Immunologic Research, 56, no. 1 (2013):20-31,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-012-8343-1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Dimitrijević, Rajna
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/394
AB  - One of the established animal models for autoimmune disease antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is TTd hyperimmunization of mice. Tetanus toxoid (TTd) and plasma protein beta(2)GPI share structural homology so that immunization with TTd induces appearance of cross-reactive antibodies. In this paper, we have investigated the presence and dynamic of fluctuation of specific (anti-TTd) and auto (anti-beta(2)GPI) antibodies induced in BALB/c mice during secondary immune response after TTd immunization with alhydrogel or glycerol as adjuvants. In addition, we followed the induced reproductive pathology as a sign of autoimmune outcome. We show undoubtedly adjuvant dependance of (1) level of induced anti-TTd IgG antibodies, (2) changes in levels of low-affinity anti-beta(2)GPI IgG antibodies, and (3) change in fecundity and fertility during secondary immune response. These findings once more indicate the importance of chosen adjuvants used for successful immunization and eventual autoantibody outcome, this time associated with the processes involving low affinity, natural antibodies.
PB  - Humana Press Inc, Totowa
T2  - Immunologic Research
T1  - Adjuvant dependence of APS pathology-related low-affinity antibodies during secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in BALB/c mice
EP  - 149
IS  - 1
SP  - 143
VL  - 56
DO  - 10.1007/s12026-012-8378-3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Dimitrijević, Rajna and Stojanović, Marijana and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2013",
abstract = "One of the established animal models for autoimmune disease antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is TTd hyperimmunization of mice. Tetanus toxoid (TTd) and plasma protein beta(2)GPI share structural homology so that immunization with TTd induces appearance of cross-reactive antibodies. In this paper, we have investigated the presence and dynamic of fluctuation of specific (anti-TTd) and auto (anti-beta(2)GPI) antibodies induced in BALB/c mice during secondary immune response after TTd immunization with alhydrogel or glycerol as adjuvants. In addition, we followed the induced reproductive pathology as a sign of autoimmune outcome. We show undoubtedly adjuvant dependance of (1) level of induced anti-TTd IgG antibodies, (2) changes in levels of low-affinity anti-beta(2)GPI IgG antibodies, and (3) change in fecundity and fertility during secondary immune response. These findings once more indicate the importance of chosen adjuvants used for successful immunization and eventual autoantibody outcome, this time associated with the processes involving low affinity, natural antibodies.",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc, Totowa",
journal = "Immunologic Research",
title = "Adjuvant dependence of APS pathology-related low-affinity antibodies during secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in BALB/c mice",
pages = "149-143",
number = "1",
volume = "56",
doi = "10.1007/s12026-012-8378-3"
}

Živković, I., Petrušić, V., Dimitrijević, R., Stojanović, M.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2013). Adjuvant dependence of APS pathology-related low-affinity antibodies during secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in BALB/c mice. in Immunologic Research
Humana Press Inc, Totowa., 56(1), 143-149.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-012-8378-3

Živković I, Petrušić V, Dimitrijević R, Stojanović M, Dimitrijević L. Adjuvant dependence of APS pathology-related low-affinity antibodies during secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in BALB/c mice. in Immunologic Research. 2013;56(1):143-149.
doi:10.1007/s12026-012-8378-3 .

Živković, Irena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Dimitrijević, Rajna, Stojanović, Marijana, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Adjuvant dependence of APS pathology-related low-affinity antibodies during secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in BALB/c mice" in Immunologic Research, 56, no. 1 (2013):143-149,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-012-8378-3 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milošević, Milena
AU  - Stenovec, Matjaz
AU  - Kreft, Marko
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Stević, Zorica
AU  - Trkov, Saša
AU  - Anđus, Pavle
AU  - Zorec, Robert
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/378
AB  - Astrocytes are considered essential in the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have demonstrated previously that immunoglobulins G (IgG) isolated from patients with ALS enhance the mobility of acidic vesicles in cultured astrocytes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Here we directly examined the impact of purified sporadic ALS IgG on cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+](i)) in astrocytes. Confocal time-lapse images were acquired and fluorescence of a non-ratiometric Ca2+ indicator was recorded before and after the application of IgG. ALS IgG (0.1 mg/ml) from 7 patients evoked transient increases in [Ca2+](i) in similar to 50% of tested astrocytes. The probability of observing a response was independent of extracellular Ca2+. The peak increase in [Ca2+](i) developed similar to 3 times faster and the time integral of evoked transients was similar to 2-fold larger; the peak amplitude itself was not affected by extracellular Ca2+. Application of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptors is necessary and sufficient to initiate transients in [Ca2+](i) the Ca2+ influx through store-operated calcium entry prolongs the transient increase in [Ca2+](i). Thus, ALS IgG acutely affect [Ca2+](i) by mobilizing both, intra- and extracellular Ca2+ into the cytosol of cultured astrocytes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Cell Calcium
T1  - Immunoglobulins G from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes
EP  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
VL  - 54
DO  - 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.005
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milošević, Milena and Stenovec, Matjaz and Kreft, Marko and Petrušić, Vladimir and Stević, Zorica and Trkov, Saša and Anđus, Pavle and Zorec, Robert",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Astrocytes are considered essential in the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have demonstrated previously that immunoglobulins G (IgG) isolated from patients with ALS enhance the mobility of acidic vesicles in cultured astrocytes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Here we directly examined the impact of purified sporadic ALS IgG on cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+](i)) in astrocytes. Confocal time-lapse images were acquired and fluorescence of a non-ratiometric Ca2+ indicator was recorded before and after the application of IgG. ALS IgG (0.1 mg/ml) from 7 patients evoked transient increases in [Ca2+](i) in similar to 50% of tested astrocytes. The probability of observing a response was independent of extracellular Ca2+. The peak increase in [Ca2+](i) developed similar to 3 times faster and the time integral of evoked transients was similar to 2-fold larger; the peak amplitude itself was not affected by extracellular Ca2+. Application of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptors is necessary and sufficient to initiate transients in [Ca2+](i) the Ca2+ influx through store-operated calcium entry prolongs the transient increase in [Ca2+](i). Thus, ALS IgG acutely affect [Ca2+](i) by mobilizing both, intra- and extracellular Ca2+ into the cytosol of cultured astrocytes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Cell Calcium",
title = "Immunoglobulins G from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes",
pages = "25-17",
number = "1",
volume = "54",
doi = "10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.005"
}

Milošević, M., Stenovec, M., Kreft, M., Petrušić, V., Stević, Z., Trkov, S., Anđus, P.,& Zorec, R.. (2013). Immunoglobulins G from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes. in Cell Calcium
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 54(1), 17-25.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.005

Milošević M, Stenovec M, Kreft M, Petrušić V, Stević Z, Trkov S, Anđus P, Zorec R. Immunoglobulins G from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes. in Cell Calcium. 2013;54(1):17-25.
doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.005 .

Milošević, Milena, Stenovec, Matjaz, Kreft, Marko, Petrušić, Vladimir, Stević, Zorica, Trkov, Saša, Anđus, Pavle, Zorec, Robert, "Immunoglobulins G from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured rat astrocytes" in Cell Calcium, 54, no. 1 (2013):17-25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceca.2013.03.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/363
AB  - It has already been shown that tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyper-immunization is a suitable experimental method for creating the animal model of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in BALB/c mice. The severity of APS pathology in BALB/c mice mainly correlates to the affinity of anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) antibodies. In this study we have investigated reproductive pathology induced in C57BL/6 mice by TTd hyper-immunization using a combination of different pretreatments (complete Freund's adjuvant or glycerol) and adjuvants (alhydrogel or glycerol). A decrease in fecundity was recorded in only C57BL/6 mice immunized with alhydrogel adjuvant, irrespective of the kind of applied pretreatment; it was associated with an increase in abundance of low affinity anti-beta(2)GPI IgG antibodies and Th1 prevalence.
PB  - Sage Publications Ltd, London
T2  - Innate Immunity
T1  - Induction of decreased fecundity by tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization in C57BL/6 mice depends on the applied adjuvant
EP  - 342
IS  - 2
SP  - 333
VL  - 18
DO  - 10.1177/1753425911407361
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Stojanović, Marijana and Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra and Lukić, Ivana and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "It has already been shown that tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyper-immunization is a suitable experimental method for creating the animal model of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in BALB/c mice. The severity of APS pathology in BALB/c mice mainly correlates to the affinity of anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) antibodies. In this study we have investigated reproductive pathology induced in C57BL/6 mice by TTd hyper-immunization using a combination of different pretreatments (complete Freund's adjuvant or glycerol) and adjuvants (alhydrogel or glycerol). A decrease in fecundity was recorded in only C57BL/6 mice immunized with alhydrogel adjuvant, irrespective of the kind of applied pretreatment; it was associated with an increase in abundance of low affinity anti-beta(2)GPI IgG antibodies and Th1 prevalence.",
publisher = "Sage Publications Ltd, London",
journal = "Innate Immunity",
title = "Induction of decreased fecundity by tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization in C57BL/6 mice depends on the applied adjuvant",
pages = "342-333",
number = "2",
volume = "18",
doi = "10.1177/1753425911407361"
}

Živković, I., Petrušić, V., Stojanović, M., Inić-Kanada, A., Lukić, I.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2012). Induction of decreased fecundity by tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization in C57BL/6 mice depends on the applied adjuvant. in Innate Immunity
Sage Publications Ltd, London., 18(2), 333-342.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753425911407361

Živković I, Petrušić V, Stojanović M, Inić-Kanada A, Lukić I, Dimitrijević L. Induction of decreased fecundity by tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization in C57BL/6 mice depends on the applied adjuvant. in Innate Immunity. 2012;18(2):333-342.
doi:10.1177/1753425911407361 .

Živković, Irena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Stojanović, Marijana, Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra, Lukić, Ivana, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Induction of decreased fecundity by tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization in C57BL/6 mice depends on the applied adjuvant" in Innate Immunity, 18, no. 2 (2012):333-342,
https://doi.org/10.1177/1753425911407361 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živančević-Simonović, Snežana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/351
AB  - Successful induction of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in two different non-autoimmune prone mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6, was achieved by tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyperimmunization using different adjuvants (glycerol or aluminium hydroxide), and different adjuvant pretreatments (glycerol or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)). APS had different manifestations of reproductive pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice: fetal resorption (as a consequence of extreme T-cell activation obtained in the course of pretreatment), and lowering of fecundity (as a consequence of polyclonal B-cell stimulation), respectively. In BALB/c mice fetal resorption coincided with glycerol and CFA pretreatments, while in C57BL/6 mice lowering of fecundity was most obvious in CFA-pretreated mice immunized with TTd in aluminium hydroxide. Both molecular mimicry and polyclonal B-cell activation occur in APS induction, with molecular mimicry effects being dominant in BALB/c mice, and polyclonal cell activation being dominant in C57BL/6 mice. Confirmation of molecular mimicry effects, which in the condition of T-cell stimulation generated fetal resorptions in the BALB/c strain, was achieved by passive infusion of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) T-26 specific for TTd and anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I obtained after TTd hyperimunization. High polyclonal B-cell activation in C57BL/6 mice prevented fetal resorption but induced fecundity lowering, as was the case in passive administration of MoAb T-26 in this mouse strain. Passive infusion of anti-idiotypic MoAb Y7 into C57BL/6 mice induced fetal resorptions and confirmed the above suggestion on the protective role of polyclonal B-cell stimulation in fetal resorptions. Lupus (2012) 21, 195-202.
PB  - Sage Publications Ltd, London
T2  - Lupus
T1  - Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine
EP  - 202
IS  - 2
SP  - 195
VL  - 21
DO  - 10.1177/0961203311429816
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Živković, Irena and Stojanović, Marijana and Petrušić, Vladimir and Živančević-Simonović, Snežana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Successful induction of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in two different non-autoimmune prone mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6, was achieved by tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyperimmunization using different adjuvants (glycerol or aluminium hydroxide), and different adjuvant pretreatments (glycerol or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)). APS had different manifestations of reproductive pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice: fetal resorption (as a consequence of extreme T-cell activation obtained in the course of pretreatment), and lowering of fecundity (as a consequence of polyclonal B-cell stimulation), respectively. In BALB/c mice fetal resorption coincided with glycerol and CFA pretreatments, while in C57BL/6 mice lowering of fecundity was most obvious in CFA-pretreated mice immunized with TTd in aluminium hydroxide. Both molecular mimicry and polyclonal B-cell activation occur in APS induction, with molecular mimicry effects being dominant in BALB/c mice, and polyclonal cell activation being dominant in C57BL/6 mice. Confirmation of molecular mimicry effects, which in the condition of T-cell stimulation generated fetal resorptions in the BALB/c strain, was achieved by passive infusion of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) T-26 specific for TTd and anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I obtained after TTd hyperimunization. High polyclonal B-cell activation in C57BL/6 mice prevented fetal resorption but induced fecundity lowering, as was the case in passive administration of MoAb T-26 in this mouse strain. Passive infusion of anti-idiotypic MoAb Y7 into C57BL/6 mice induced fetal resorptions and confirmed the above suggestion on the protective role of polyclonal B-cell stimulation in fetal resorptions. Lupus (2012) 21, 195-202.",
publisher = "Sage Publications Ltd, London",
journal = "Lupus",
title = "Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine",
pages = "202-195",
number = "2",
volume = "21",
doi = "10.1177/0961203311429816"
}

Dimitrijević, L., Živković, I., Stojanović, M., Petrušić, V.,& Živančević-Simonović, S.. (2012). Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine. in Lupus
Sage Publications Ltd, London., 21(2), 195-202.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203311429816

Dimitrijević L, Živković I, Stojanović M, Petrušić V, Živančević-Simonović S. Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine. in Lupus. 2012;21(2):195-202.
doi:10.1177/0961203311429816 .

Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Živković, Irena, Stojanović, Marijana, Petrušić, Vladimir, Živančević-Simonović, Snežana, "Vaccine model of antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus vaccine" in Lupus, 21, no. 2 (2012):195-202,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203311429816 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Marinković, Emilija
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/349
AB  - Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) represents a potent toxin that binds to its receptors on neurons and inhibits the release of neurotransmitters. Additionally, its fragments are used to transport pharmacological substances to neuronal cell bodies. The main objective of this study was the development of a suitable model system to study internalization of the TeNT. We have produced a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific for TeNT by hybridoma technology, after immunization of BALB/c mice with tetanus toxoid, and have named it T-62. The immunochemical characteristics of MoAb T-62 were tested using ELISA, PAGE and immunoblotting. Finally, we have used an immunohistochemical method to detect specific binding of MoAb T-62 to TeNT bound to PC 12 cells. Our results show that MoAb T-62 is highly specific for TeNT, even when it is bound to its receptor, and that it could be of considerable importance in studies regarding fundamental research on TeNT receptors, intracellular transport of TeNT, as well as retrograde transport of pharmaceutical substances and non-invasive delivery of polypeptides through the blood brain barrier. In addition, MoAb T-62 is an invaluable tool in TeNT vaccine production as it can be used for the detection of reverse toxicity, which could drastically reduce the need to use animals in these experiments. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag, Jena
T2  - Acta Histochemica
T1  - Production, characterization and applications of a tetanus toxin specific monoclonal antibody T-62
EP  - 486
IS  - 5
SP  - 480
VL  - 114
DO  - 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.09.001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Stojanović, Marijana and Lukić, Ivana and Marinković, Emilija and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) represents a potent toxin that binds to its receptors on neurons and inhibits the release of neurotransmitters. Additionally, its fragments are used to transport pharmacological substances to neuronal cell bodies. The main objective of this study was the development of a suitable model system to study internalization of the TeNT. We have produced a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific for TeNT by hybridoma technology, after immunization of BALB/c mice with tetanus toxoid, and have named it T-62. The immunochemical characteristics of MoAb T-62 were tested using ELISA, PAGE and immunoblotting. Finally, we have used an immunohistochemical method to detect specific binding of MoAb T-62 to TeNT bound to PC 12 cells. Our results show that MoAb T-62 is highly specific for TeNT, even when it is bound to its receptor, and that it could be of considerable importance in studies regarding fundamental research on TeNT receptors, intracellular transport of TeNT, as well as retrograde transport of pharmaceutical substances and non-invasive delivery of polypeptides through the blood brain barrier. In addition, MoAb T-62 is an invaluable tool in TeNT vaccine production as it can be used for the detection of reverse toxicity, which could drastically reduce the need to use animals in these experiments. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag, Jena",
journal = "Acta Histochemica",
title = "Production, characterization and applications of a tetanus toxin specific monoclonal antibody T-62",
pages = "486-480",
number = "5",
volume = "114",
doi = "10.1016/j.acthis.2011.09.001"
}

Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Stojanović, M., Lukić, I., Marinković, E.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2012). Production, characterization and applications of a tetanus toxin specific monoclonal antibody T-62. in Acta Histochemica
Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag, Jena., 114(5), 480-486.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2011.09.001

Petrušić V, Živković I, Stojanović M, Lukić I, Marinković E, Dimitrijević L. Production, characterization and applications of a tetanus toxin specific monoclonal antibody T-62. in Acta Histochemica. 2012;114(5):480-486.
doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2011.09.001 .

Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Stojanović, Marijana, Lukić, Ivana, Marinković, Emilija, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Production, characterization and applications of a tetanus toxin specific monoclonal antibody T-62" in Acta Histochemica, 114, no. 5 (2012):480-486,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2011.09.001 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Anđus, Pavle
AU  - Stenovec, Matjaz
AU  - Milošević, Milena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Potokar, Maja
AU  - Stević, Zorica
AU  - Prebil, Mateja
AU  - Kreft, Marko
AU  - Trkov, Saša
AU  - Zorec, Robert
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/355
PB  - Cell Press, Cambridge
C3  - Biophysical Journal
T1  - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis IgGs Enhance the Mobility of Lysotracker-Labelled Vesicles in Cultured Rat Astrocytes
EP  - 380A
IS  - 3
SP  - 380A
VL  - 102
DO  - 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2079
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Anđus, Pavle and Stenovec, Matjaz and Milošević, Milena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Potokar, Maja and Stević, Zorica and Prebil, Mateja and Kreft, Marko and Trkov, Saša and Zorec, Robert",
year = "2012",
publisher = "Cell Press, Cambridge",
journal = "Biophysical Journal",
title = "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis IgGs Enhance the Mobility of Lysotracker-Labelled Vesicles in Cultured Rat Astrocytes",
pages = "380A-380A",
number = "3",
volume = "102",
doi = "10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2079"
}

Anđus, P., Stenovec, M., Milošević, M., Petrušić, V., Potokar, M., Stević, Z., Prebil, M., Kreft, M., Trkov, S.,& Zorec, R.. (2012). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis IgGs Enhance the Mobility of Lysotracker-Labelled Vesicles in Cultured Rat Astrocytes. in Biophysical Journal
Cell Press, Cambridge., 102(3), 380A-380A.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2079

Anđus P, Stenovec M, Milošević M, Petrušić V, Potokar M, Stević Z, Prebil M, Kreft M, Trkov S, Zorec R. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis IgGs Enhance the Mobility of Lysotracker-Labelled Vesicles in Cultured Rat Astrocytes. in Biophysical Journal. 2012;102(3):380A-380A.
doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2079 .

Anđus, Pavle, Stenovec, Matjaz, Milošević, Milena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Potokar, Maja, Stević, Zorica, Prebil, Mateja, Kreft, Marko, Trkov, Saša, Zorec, Robert, "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis IgGs Enhance the Mobility of Lysotracker-Labelled Vesicles in Cultured Rat Astrocytes" in Biophysical Journal, 102, no. 3 (2012):380A-380A,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2079 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Marinković, Emilija
AU  - Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra
AU  - Dimitrijevic, Ljiliana
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/339
AB  - Natural antibodies (NAbs) are present in circulation even before the exposure to antigen and they exert various biological functions. They are polyreactive and mainly represented by immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is the first antibody produced in an ongoing immune response to infection and/or immunization. IgM is always secreted as a polymer with predominant pentameric structure, although other polymeric forms such as hexamer can be also formed. The biological functions of hexameric IgM are still not known and it is proposed that its existence as a NAb could be deleterious. However, the nature of IgM hexamers has not been investigated yet. In this paper, we have tested the expression of natural idiotope and antigenic specificities of pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers originating from sera of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, as well as patients suffering from recurrent urinary bacterial infections. We demonstrate that although pentameric IgM polymers can exist as natural and immune antibodies, IgM hexamers are exclusively immune and do not exist as NAbs.
PB  - Humana Press Inc, Totowa
T2  - Immunologic Research
T1  - Antigenic specificity and expression of a natural idiotope on human pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers
EP  - 107
IS  - 1
SP  - 97
VL  - 51
DO  - 10.1007/s12026-011-8236-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Stojanović, Marijana and Lukić, Ivana and Marinković, Emilija and Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra and Dimitrijevic, Ljiliana",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Natural antibodies (NAbs) are present in circulation even before the exposure to antigen and they exert various biological functions. They are polyreactive and mainly represented by immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is the first antibody produced in an ongoing immune response to infection and/or immunization. IgM is always secreted as a polymer with predominant pentameric structure, although other polymeric forms such as hexamer can be also formed. The biological functions of hexameric IgM are still not known and it is proposed that its existence as a NAb could be deleterious. However, the nature of IgM hexamers has not been investigated yet. In this paper, we have tested the expression of natural idiotope and antigenic specificities of pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers originating from sera of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, as well as patients suffering from recurrent urinary bacterial infections. We demonstrate that although pentameric IgM polymers can exist as natural and immune antibodies, IgM hexamers are exclusively immune and do not exist as NAbs.",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc, Totowa",
journal = "Immunologic Research",
title = "Antigenic specificity and expression of a natural idiotope on human pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers",
pages = "107-97",
number = "1",
volume = "51",
doi = "10.1007/s12026-011-8236-8"
}

Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Stojanović, M., Lukić, I., Marinković, E., Inić-Kanada, A.,& Dimitrijevic, L.. (2011). Antigenic specificity and expression of a natural idiotope on human pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers. in Immunologic Research
Humana Press Inc, Totowa., 51(1), 97-107.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-011-8236-8

Petrušić V, Živković I, Stojanović M, Lukić I, Marinković E, Inić-Kanada A, Dimitrijevic L. Antigenic specificity and expression of a natural idiotope on human pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers. in Immunologic Research. 2011;51(1):97-107.
doi:10.1007/s12026-011-8236-8 .

Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Stojanović, Marijana, Lukić, Ivana, Marinković, Emilija, Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra, Dimitrijevic, Ljiliana, "Antigenic specificity and expression of a natural idiotope on human pentameric and hexameric IgM polymers" in Immunologic Research, 51, no. 1 (2011):97-107,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-011-8236-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Marinković, Emilija
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/334
AB  - Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody produced upon infection, and is often suggested as the first line of defense of human immune system. In addition to being present on the surface of naive B cells as a monomeric molecule, IgM is always secreted as a polymer. The most abundant IgM polymer in humans is pentamer, composed of five monomeric units, joined together by so-called joining on chain. On the other hand, it is well known that hexameric IgM can be also found in human sera. Its presence is often related to different dissorders (Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, cold agglutinin, and recurrent urinary bacterial infections), although it is believed that small amounts of hexamer are present in normal human sera as well. Unlike pentamer, IgM hexamer contains six monomeric blocks and completely lacks J chain. Although it has been decades since its discovery, the precise function of IgM hexamer is still unknown. Since it was documented that hexamer is very potent in activating complement, it is suggested that its production in humans must be under strict control, and that it is produced in special conditions, when strong activation of complement is absolutely needed. However, the question is whether hexameric IgM is really a secret weapon or just an undesirable molecule in humans. According to structural and known functional characteristics of both pentamers and hexamers of IgM, it can be concluded that hexamers are, in addition to being maybe too reactive to be around, probably not that efficient in protecting us from bacterial and viral infections. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
T2  - Medical Hypotheses
T1  - Hexameric immunoglobulin M in humans: Desired or unwanted?
EP  - 961
IS  - 6
SP  - 959
VL  - 77
DO  - 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.018
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrušić, Vladimir and Živković, Irena and Stojanović, Marijana and Lukić, Ivana and Marinković, Emilija and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody produced upon infection, and is often suggested as the first line of defense of human immune system. In addition to being present on the surface of naive B cells as a monomeric molecule, IgM is always secreted as a polymer. The most abundant IgM polymer in humans is pentamer, composed of five monomeric units, joined together by so-called joining on chain. On the other hand, it is well known that hexameric IgM can be also found in human sera. Its presence is often related to different dissorders (Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, cold agglutinin, and recurrent urinary bacterial infections), although it is believed that small amounts of hexamer are present in normal human sera as well. Unlike pentamer, IgM hexamer contains six monomeric blocks and completely lacks J chain. Although it has been decades since its discovery, the precise function of IgM hexamer is still unknown. Since it was documented that hexamer is very potent in activating complement, it is suggested that its production in humans must be under strict control, and that it is produced in special conditions, when strong activation of complement is absolutely needed. However, the question is whether hexameric IgM is really a secret weapon or just an undesirable molecule in humans. According to structural and known functional characteristics of both pentamers and hexamers of IgM, it can be concluded that hexamers are, in addition to being maybe too reactive to be around, probably not that efficient in protecting us from bacterial and viral infections. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh",
journal = "Medical Hypotheses",
title = "Hexameric immunoglobulin M in humans: Desired or unwanted?",
pages = "961-959",
number = "6",
volume = "77",
doi = "10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.018"
}

Petrušić, V., Živković, I., Stojanović, M., Lukić, I., Marinković, E.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2011). Hexameric immunoglobulin M in humans: Desired or unwanted?. in Medical Hypotheses
Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh., 77(6), 959-961.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.018

Petrušić V, Živković I, Stojanović M, Lukić I, Marinković E, Dimitrijević L. Hexameric immunoglobulin M in humans: Desired or unwanted?. in Medical Hypotheses. 2011;77(6):959-961.
doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.018 .

Petrušić, Vladimir, Živković, Irena, Stojanović, Marijana, Lukić, Ivana, Marinković, Emilija, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Hexameric immunoglobulin M in humans: Desired or unwanted?" in Medical Hypotheses, 77, no. 6 (2011):959-961,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.08.018 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/321
AB  - Problem The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications (lower fecundity and lower litter size), as well as by an increase in anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI)-specific autoantibody titer. We have investigated how the genetic background of the immune system [T helper (Th) prevalence] and the type of animal model of APS influence the induced pathology. Method of Study Antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyper-immunization and by intravenous application of monoclonal anti-beta(2)GPI-specific antibody 26 was compared in C57BL/6 (Th1 prone) and BALB/c (Th2 prone) mice. Results Tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization of BALB/c mice led to reduction in fertility, but in C57BL/6 mice a decrease in fecundity occurred. In both cases, pathology was caused by anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies, the production of which was adjuvant and strain dependent. Conclusion We conclude that TTd immunization and i.v. application of monoclonal antibody 26 induced the same reproductive pathology and that the type of pathology is strain dependent.
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken
T2  - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
T1  - Induction of APS after TTd Hyper-Immunization has a Different Outcome in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice
EP  - 502
IS  - 5
SP  - 492
VL  - 65
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00922.x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Stojanović, Marijana and Petrušić, Vladimir and Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Problem The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications (lower fecundity and lower litter size), as well as by an increase in anti-beta(2) glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI)-specific autoantibody titer. We have investigated how the genetic background of the immune system [T helper (Th) prevalence] and the type of animal model of APS influence the induced pathology. Method of Study Antiphospholipid syndrome induced by tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyper-immunization and by intravenous application of monoclonal anti-beta(2)GPI-specific antibody 26 was compared in C57BL/6 (Th1 prone) and BALB/c (Th2 prone) mice. Results Tetanus toxoid hyper-immunization of BALB/c mice led to reduction in fertility, but in C57BL/6 mice a decrease in fecundity occurred. In both cases, pathology was caused by anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies, the production of which was adjuvant and strain dependent. Conclusion We conclude that TTd immunization and i.v. application of monoclonal antibody 26 induced the same reproductive pathology and that the type of pathology is strain dependent.",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken",
journal = "American Journal of Reproductive Immunology",
title = "Induction of APS after TTd Hyper-Immunization has a Different Outcome in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice",
pages = "502-492",
number = "5",
volume = "65",
doi = "10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00922.x"
}

Živković, I., Stojanović, M., Petrušić, V., Inić-Kanada, A.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2011). Induction of APS after TTd Hyper-Immunization has a Different Outcome in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice. in American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken., 65(5), 492-502.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00922.x

Živković I, Stojanović M, Petrušić V, Inić-Kanada A, Dimitrijević L. Induction of APS after TTd Hyper-Immunization has a Different Outcome in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice. in American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2011;65(5):492-502.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00922.x .

Živković, Irena, Stojanović, Marijana, Petrušić, Vladimir, Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Induction of APS after TTd Hyper-Immunization has a Different Outcome in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice" in American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 65, no. 5 (2011):492-502,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00922.x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukić, Ivana
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Dovezenski, Nebojsa
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Marinković, Emilija
AU  - Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/319
AB  - Given an existing demand to establish a process of tetanus vaccine production in a way that allows its complete validation and standardization, this paper focuses on tetanus toxoid purification step. More precisely, we were looking at a possibility to replace the widely used ammonium-sulphate precipitation by a chromatographic method. Based on the tetanus toxin's biochemical characteristics, we have decided to examine the possibility of tetanus toxoid purification by hydrophobic chromatography, and by chromatographic techniques based on interaction with immobilized metal ions, i.e. chelating chromatography and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. We used samples obtained from differently fragmented crude tetanus toxins by formaldehyde treatment (assigned as TTd-A and TTd-B) as starting material for tetanus toxoid purification. Obtained results imply that purification of tetanus toxoid by hydrophobic chromatography represents a good alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation. Tetanus toxoid preparations obtained by hydrophobic chromatography were similar to those obtained by ammonium-sulphate precipitation in respect to yield, purity and immunogenicity. In addition, their immunogenicity was similar to standard tetanus toxoid preparation (NIBSC, Potters Bar, UK). Furthermore, the characteristics of crude tetanus toxin preparations had the lowest impact on the final purification product when hydrophobic chromatography was the applied method of tetanus toxoid purification. On the other hand, purifications of tetanus toxoid by chelating chromatography or immobilized metal affinity chromatography generally resulted in a very low yield due to not satisfactory tetanus toxoid binding to the column, and immunogenicity of the obtained tetanus toxoid-containing preparations was poor. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
T1  - Tetanus toxoid purification: Chromatographic procedures as an alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation
EP  - 2219
IS  - 23
SP  - 2213
VL  - 879
DO  - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lukić, Ivana and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Dovezenski, Nebojsa and Živković, Irena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Marinković, Emilija and Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra and Stojanović, Marijana",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Given an existing demand to establish a process of tetanus vaccine production in a way that allows its complete validation and standardization, this paper focuses on tetanus toxoid purification step. More precisely, we were looking at a possibility to replace the widely used ammonium-sulphate precipitation by a chromatographic method. Based on the tetanus toxin's biochemical characteristics, we have decided to examine the possibility of tetanus toxoid purification by hydrophobic chromatography, and by chromatographic techniques based on interaction with immobilized metal ions, i.e. chelating chromatography and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. We used samples obtained from differently fragmented crude tetanus toxins by formaldehyde treatment (assigned as TTd-A and TTd-B) as starting material for tetanus toxoid purification. Obtained results imply that purification of tetanus toxoid by hydrophobic chromatography represents a good alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation. Tetanus toxoid preparations obtained by hydrophobic chromatography were similar to those obtained by ammonium-sulphate precipitation in respect to yield, purity and immunogenicity. In addition, their immunogenicity was similar to standard tetanus toxoid preparation (NIBSC, Potters Bar, UK). Furthermore, the characteristics of crude tetanus toxin preparations had the lowest impact on the final purification product when hydrophobic chromatography was the applied method of tetanus toxoid purification. On the other hand, purifications of tetanus toxoid by chelating chromatography or immobilized metal affinity chromatography generally resulted in a very low yield due to not satisfactory tetanus toxoid binding to the column, and immunogenicity of the obtained tetanus toxoid-containing preparations was poor. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences",
title = "Tetanus toxoid purification: Chromatographic procedures as an alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation",
pages = "2219-2213",
number = "23",
volume = "879",
doi = "10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.003"
}

Lukić, I., Dimitrijević, L., Dovezenski, N., Živković, I., Petrušić, V., Marinković, E., Inić-Kanada, A.,& Stojanović, M.. (2011). Tetanus toxoid purification: Chromatographic procedures as an alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation. in Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 879(23), 2213-2219.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.003

Lukić I, Dimitrijević L, Dovezenski N, Živković I, Petrušić V, Marinković E, Inić-Kanada A, Stojanović M. Tetanus toxoid purification: Chromatographic procedures as an alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation. in Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 2011;879(23):2213-2219.
doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.003 .

Lukić, Ivana, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Dovezenski, Nebojsa, Živković, Irena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Marinković, Emilija, Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra, Stojanović, Marijana, "Tetanus toxoid purification: Chromatographic procedures as an alternative to ammonium-sulphate precipitation" in Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 879, no. 23 (2011):2213-2219,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.003 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stenovec, Matjaz
AU  - Milošević, Milena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Potokar, Maja
AU  - Stević, Zorica
AU  - Prebil, Mateja
AU  - Kreft, Marko
AU  - Trkov, Saša
AU  - Anđus, Pavle
AU  - Zorec, Robert
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/331
AB  - Aim: We examined the effect of purified immunoglobulins G (IgG) from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on the mobility and exocytotic release from Lysotracker-stained vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes. Methods: Time-lapse confocal images were acquired, and vesicle mobility was analysed before and after the application of ALS IgG. The vesicle counts were obtained to assess cargo exocytosis from stained organelles. Results: At rest, when mobility was monitored for 2 min in bath with Ca2+, two vesicle populations were discovered: (1) non-mobile vesicles (6.1%) with total track length (TL)  lt  1 mu m, averaging at 0.33 +/- 0.01 mu m (n = 1305) and (2) mobile vesicles (93.9%) with TL  gt  1 mu m, averaging at 3.03 +/- 0.01 mu m (n = 20 200). ALS IgG (0.1 mg mL(-1)) from 12 of 13 patients increased the TL of mobile vesicles by approx. 24% and maximal displacement (MD) by approx. 26% within 4 min, while the IgG from control group did not alter the vesicle mobility. The mobility enhancement by ALS IgG was reduced in extracellular solution devoid of Ca2+, indicating that ALS IgG vesicle mobility enhancement involves changes in Ca2+ homeostasis. To examine whether enhanced mobility relates to elevated Ca2+ activity, cells were stimulated by 1 mm ATP, a cytosolic Ca2+ increasing agent, in the presence (2 mm) and in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. ATP stimulation triggered an increase in TL by approx. 7% and 12% and a decrease in MD by approx. 11% and 1%, within 4 min respectively. Interestingly, none of the stimuli triggered the release of vesicle cargo. Conclusion: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-IgG-enhanced vesicle mobility in astrocytes engages changes in calcium homeostasis.
PB  - Wiley, Hoboken
T2  - Acta Physiologica
T1  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins G enhance the mobility of Lysotracker-labelled vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes
EP  - 471
IS  - 4
SP  - 457
VL  - 203
DO  - 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02337.x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stenovec, Matjaz and Milošević, Milena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Potokar, Maja and Stević, Zorica and Prebil, Mateja and Kreft, Marko and Trkov, Saša and Anđus, Pavle and Zorec, Robert",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Aim: We examined the effect of purified immunoglobulins G (IgG) from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on the mobility and exocytotic release from Lysotracker-stained vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes. Methods: Time-lapse confocal images were acquired, and vesicle mobility was analysed before and after the application of ALS IgG. The vesicle counts were obtained to assess cargo exocytosis from stained organelles. Results: At rest, when mobility was monitored for 2 min in bath with Ca2+, two vesicle populations were discovered: (1) non-mobile vesicles (6.1%) with total track length (TL)  lt  1 mu m, averaging at 0.33 +/- 0.01 mu m (n = 1305) and (2) mobile vesicles (93.9%) with TL  gt  1 mu m, averaging at 3.03 +/- 0.01 mu m (n = 20 200). ALS IgG (0.1 mg mL(-1)) from 12 of 13 patients increased the TL of mobile vesicles by approx. 24% and maximal displacement (MD) by approx. 26% within 4 min, while the IgG from control group did not alter the vesicle mobility. The mobility enhancement by ALS IgG was reduced in extracellular solution devoid of Ca2+, indicating that ALS IgG vesicle mobility enhancement involves changes in Ca2+ homeostasis. To examine whether enhanced mobility relates to elevated Ca2+ activity, cells were stimulated by 1 mm ATP, a cytosolic Ca2+ increasing agent, in the presence (2 mm) and in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. ATP stimulation triggered an increase in TL by approx. 7% and 12% and a decrease in MD by approx. 11% and 1%, within 4 min respectively. Interestingly, none of the stimuli triggered the release of vesicle cargo. Conclusion: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-IgG-enhanced vesicle mobility in astrocytes engages changes in calcium homeostasis.",
publisher = "Wiley, Hoboken",
journal = "Acta Physiologica",
title = "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins G enhance the mobility of Lysotracker-labelled vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes",
pages = "471-457",
number = "4",
volume = "203",
doi = "10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02337.x"
}

Stenovec, M., Milošević, M., Petrušić, V., Potokar, M., Stević, Z., Prebil, M., Kreft, M., Trkov, S., Anđus, P.,& Zorec, R.. (2011). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins G enhance the mobility of Lysotracker-labelled vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes. in Acta Physiologica
Wiley, Hoboken., 203(4), 457-471.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02337.x

Stenovec M, Milošević M, Petrušić V, Potokar M, Stević Z, Prebil M, Kreft M, Trkov S, Anđus P, Zorec R. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins G enhance the mobility of Lysotracker-labelled vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes. in Acta Physiologica. 2011;203(4):457-471.
doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02337.x .

Stenovec, Matjaz, Milošević, Milena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Potokar, Maja, Stević, Zorica, Prebil, Mateja, Kreft, Marko, Trkov, Saša, Anđus, Pavle, Zorec, Robert, "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins G enhance the mobility of Lysotracker-labelled vesicles in cultured rat astrocytes" in Acta Physiologica, 203, no. 4 (2011):457-471,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02337.x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Kosec, Duško
AU  - Dimitrijević, Rajna
AU  - Jankov, Ratko
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
AU  - Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/300
AB  - Lectins are widely used in many types of assay but some lectins such as banana lectin (BanLec) are recognised as potent immunostimulators Although BanLec's structure and binding characteristics are now familiar, its immunostimulatory potential has not yet been fully explored The synthesis by recombinant technology of a BanLec isoform (rBanLec) whose binding properties are similar to its natural counterpart has made it possible to overcome the twin problems of natural BanLec's microheterogeneity and low availability This study's aim is to explore the immunostimulatory potential of rBanLec in the murine model Analyses of the responses of Balb/c- and C57 BL/6-originated splenocytes to in vitro rBanLec stimulation were performed to examine the dependency of rBanLec's immunostimulatory potential upon the splenocytes' genetic background It is shown that the responses of Balb/c- and C57 BL/6-originated splenocytes to rBanLec stimulation differ both qualitatively and in intensity. The hallmarks of the induced responses are T lymphocyte proliferation and intensive interferon-gamma secretion Both phenomena are more marked in Balb/c-originated cultures; Balb/c-originated lymphocytes produce interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 following rBanLec stimulation Out results demonstrate that any responses to rBanLec stimulation are highly dependent upon genetic background. they suggest that genetic background must be an important consideration in any further investigations using animal models or when exploring rBanLec's potential human applications (C) 2009 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved
PB  - Elsevier, Amsterdam
T2  - International Immunopharmacology
T1  - In vitro stimulation of Balb/c and C57 BL/6 splenocytes by a recombinantly produced banana lectin isoform results in both a proliferation of T cells and an increased secretion of interferon-gamma
EP  - 129
IS  - 1
SP  - 120
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojanović, Marijana and Živković, Irena and Petrušić, Vladimir and Kosec, Duško and Dimitrijević, Rajna and Jankov, Ratko and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana and Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Lectins are widely used in many types of assay but some lectins such as banana lectin (BanLec) are recognised as potent immunostimulators Although BanLec's structure and binding characteristics are now familiar, its immunostimulatory potential has not yet been fully explored The synthesis by recombinant technology of a BanLec isoform (rBanLec) whose binding properties are similar to its natural counterpart has made it possible to overcome the twin problems of natural BanLec's microheterogeneity and low availability This study's aim is to explore the immunostimulatory potential of rBanLec in the murine model Analyses of the responses of Balb/c- and C57 BL/6-originated splenocytes to in vitro rBanLec stimulation were performed to examine the dependency of rBanLec's immunostimulatory potential upon the splenocytes' genetic background It is shown that the responses of Balb/c- and C57 BL/6-originated splenocytes to rBanLec stimulation differ both qualitatively and in intensity. The hallmarks of the induced responses are T lymphocyte proliferation and intensive interferon-gamma secretion Both phenomena are more marked in Balb/c-originated cultures; Balb/c-originated lymphocytes produce interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 following rBanLec stimulation Out results demonstrate that any responses to rBanLec stimulation are highly dependent upon genetic background. they suggest that genetic background must be an important consideration in any further investigations using animal models or when exploring rBanLec's potential human applications (C) 2009 Elsevier B V. All rights reserved",
publisher = "Elsevier, Amsterdam",
journal = "International Immunopharmacology",
title = "In vitro stimulation of Balb/c and C57 BL/6 splenocytes by a recombinantly produced banana lectin isoform results in both a proliferation of T cells and an increased secretion of interferon-gamma",
pages = "129-120",
number = "1",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.007"
}

Stojanović, M., Živković, I., Petrušić, V., Kosec, D., Dimitrijević, R., Jankov, R., Dimitrijević, L.,& Gavrović-Jankulović, M.. (2010). In vitro stimulation of Balb/c and C57 BL/6 splenocytes by a recombinantly produced banana lectin isoform results in both a proliferation of T cells and an increased secretion of interferon-gamma. in International Immunopharmacology
Elsevier, Amsterdam., 10(1), 120-129.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.007

Stojanović M, Živković I, Petrušić V, Kosec D, Dimitrijević R, Jankov R, Dimitrijević L, Gavrović-Jankulović M. In vitro stimulation of Balb/c and C57 BL/6 splenocytes by a recombinantly produced banana lectin isoform results in both a proliferation of T cells and an increased secretion of interferon-gamma. in International Immunopharmacology. 2010;10(1):120-129.
doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.007 .

Stojanović, Marijana, Živković, Irena, Petrušić, Vladimir, Kosec, Duško, Dimitrijević, Rajna, Jankov, Ratko, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, Gavrović-Jankulović, Marija, "In vitro stimulation of Balb/c and C57 BL/6 splenocytes by a recombinantly produced banana lectin isoform results in both a proliferation of T cells and an increased secretion of interferon-gamma" in International Immunopharmacology, 10, no. 1 (2010):120-129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.007 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Irena
AU  - Stojanović, Marijana
AU  - Petrušić, Vladimir
AU  - Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra
AU  - Mićić, Mileva
AU  - Dimitrijević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://intor.torlakinstitut.com/handle/123456789/306
AB  - We have already demonstrated (Stojanovic et al., 2009) a connection between tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyperimmunization and the induction of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) in BALB/c mice. Here we show that C57BL/6 mice subjected to an identical procedure do not exhibit any like pathology attributable to anti-phospholipid antibodies; we explain that this absence results from idiotypic connectivity. Six groups of C57BL/6 mice were hyperimmunized with TTd in aluminum hydroxide or glycerol, with or without pretreatments. Pretreated mice had been injected with polyclonal or nonspecific immune stimulators, such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or glycerol. The epitope specificity of induced antibodies was tested by indirect ELISA using a tetanus toxoid immunogen and these autoantigens: phospholipids, gangliosides, laminin. Idiotypic connectivity was tested by competitive ELISA and gauged from the degree to which the interaction of idiotypic/anti-idiotypic complementary antibodies was inhibited in the presence of immunized sera antibodies. Higher idiotypic connectivity was noted amongst pretreated mice. There was a positive correlation between higher connectivity and autoantibody levels that acted to favor the participation of natural autoantibodies in the inhibitory process. We conclude that idiotypic connectivity plays a protective role in immunization-induced autoimmunity.
PB  - Soc Biolgia Chile, Santiago
T2  - Biological Research
T1  - Network connectivity is shown to change in C57BL/6 mice during a continuing immune response subsequent to tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization
EP  - 402
IS  - 4
SP  - 393
VL  - 43
DO  - 10.4067/S0716-97602010000400003
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Irena and Stojanović, Marijana and Petrušić, Vladimir and Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra and Mićić, Mileva and Dimitrijević, Ljiljana",
year = "2010",
abstract = "We have already demonstrated (Stojanovic et al., 2009) a connection between tetanus toxoid (TTd) hyperimmunization and the induction of anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) in BALB/c mice. Here we show that C57BL/6 mice subjected to an identical procedure do not exhibit any like pathology attributable to anti-phospholipid antibodies; we explain that this absence results from idiotypic connectivity. Six groups of C57BL/6 mice were hyperimmunized with TTd in aluminum hydroxide or glycerol, with or without pretreatments. Pretreated mice had been injected with polyclonal or nonspecific immune stimulators, such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or glycerol. The epitope specificity of induced antibodies was tested by indirect ELISA using a tetanus toxoid immunogen and these autoantigens: phospholipids, gangliosides, laminin. Idiotypic connectivity was tested by competitive ELISA and gauged from the degree to which the interaction of idiotypic/anti-idiotypic complementary antibodies was inhibited in the presence of immunized sera antibodies. Higher idiotypic connectivity was noted amongst pretreated mice. There was a positive correlation between higher connectivity and autoantibody levels that acted to favor the participation of natural autoantibodies in the inhibitory process. We conclude that idiotypic connectivity plays a protective role in immunization-induced autoimmunity.",
publisher = "Soc Biolgia Chile, Santiago",
journal = "Biological Research",
title = "Network connectivity is shown to change in C57BL/6 mice during a continuing immune response subsequent to tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization",
pages = "402-393",
number = "4",
volume = "43",
doi = "10.4067/S0716-97602010000400003"
}

Živković, I., Stojanović, M., Petrušić, V., Inić-Kanada, A., Mićić, M.,& Dimitrijević, L.. (2010). Network connectivity is shown to change in C57BL/6 mice during a continuing immune response subsequent to tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization. in Biological Research
Soc Biolgia Chile, Santiago., 43(4), 393-402.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602010000400003

Živković I, Stojanović M, Petrušić V, Inić-Kanada A, Mićić M, Dimitrijević L. Network connectivity is shown to change in C57BL/6 mice during a continuing immune response subsequent to tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization. in Biological Research. 2010;43(4):393-402.
doi:10.4067/S0716-97602010000400003 .

Živković, Irena, Stojanović, Marijana, Petrušić, Vladimir, Inić-Kanada, Aleksandra, Mićić, Mileva, Dimitrijević, Ljiljana, "Network connectivity is shown to change in C57BL/6 mice during a continuing immune response subsequent to tetanus toxoid hyperimmunization" in Biological Research, 43, no. 4 (2010):393-402,
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602010000400003 . .